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Js’ F. W ENGLISH CANAAN

NEW C A N A A N.

Containing an Abftradl of New England,

Com:ofcd in three Boobs.

The firft Booke letting forth the' original oft he Natives, their Manners and Cuftoaies, together with their tradable Nature and

Love towards the Engliliu

Theiecond Booke letting forth the natural! Inc] ow meets of the Coutin y j and what ftaple Commodities it

* yealdeth;

The third Booke' letting forth * what people are planted there, their profperity , what remarkable accidents have happened fncethe fiift planting of it , together with their T enentsand pradife

of their Church. b

; ■ ■ ' i , ■ • . . r , ■’ o * ‘V . \ . - V>

Written by Thomas Morton of Cliffords Infie gent , upon time ye ares knowledge and experiment oj the

Country.

Printed at A M S- T E R DA M,’

;.a JACOB FREDERICK S T A M* ■ \ In the Tare i 6 3 7-,

— i a

X )

» '

To the right honorable, the

Lords and others ofhis Majefties moft

honorable privy Councell, Commiffioners,

for the Government of all his Majefties forraignc

Provinces.

cs

Right honourable

a

He zeale which I

beare to the ad vaun ce¬ ment of the glory of God, the honor of his Majefty, and the good of the weale publike, hath incouraged mee to compofe this nbitracSt , being the modell of a Rich hopefull and very beautifull Country, worthy the Title of Natures Mafter- peece , and may be loft by too much fufferance Jt is but a widowes mite, yet

A* all

t r*

all that wrong and rapine hath left mee to bring from thence, where I have in- devoured my beft, bound by my alle- geance,to doe his Majefty fervice.This in all humility I prefent as an offering, wherewith I prolirate myfelfe at your honorable footftoole. I fyou pleale to vouchfafe , it may receave a blefling, from the Lufter of your gracious Beames , you lhall make your vaflaile happy , in that hee yet doth live , to fhew how ready hee is and alwayes hath bin, to facrifice his deareft blood, as becometh a loyall fubjedl/or the ho¬ nor of his native Country. Being

your honors humble 'vajjaile

Thomas Morton.

%

The

>

The Epiftle to the Reader.

GENTLE READER,

Prefen t to the publike view

an abftraCt of new England ; which I have undertaken to compofe by the incouragtment ofluchgenious (pints as have been ftudious of the increment of his Male- ities Territories , being not formerly fatis- fied , by the relations of bach as through hade , have taken but a luperficiall furvey thereof , which thing time hath enabled mee to performe more punctually to the life , and to give a more exaCt accompt of what hath been required; lhave therefore beene wil¬ ling to doe my indevoure to communicat • the knowledge, which lhave gained and col¬ lected together, by mine owne obfervation, in the time ofmy many yeares refidence in thole parts, to my loving Country men: For the better information of all fuchasare de- firousto be made partakers of the bleffings of God in that fertile Soyle, as well as thole-

A 3 that:

that, out of Curiofity onely have bininqub fitive after nouelties. And the rather for that I have obferved , how divers perfons ( not fo well affected to the weale publike in mine o- pinion) out of refpect to their owne private ends ; have laboured to keepe both the practife of the people there, and the Reall worth of that eminent Country concealed from publike knowledge, both which I have abundantly in this difcourfe layd open , yet if it be well accepted, I fhall efteeme my felfe fufficiently rewardded for my under¬ taking. andreft*

Tour Wollmfher 0

> •

Thomas Kto * t M.

So

*

■V- . , ■' £

In laudem Authoris.

* Excufe the Author ere the work© be fhewne

Is acculation in it felfe alone ,

A^d to commend him might feeme over- fight, <•

So divers are th’ opinions of this age 3 So quick and apt, to taxe the moderne ftage ,

That hard his taf ke, is that muft ple&fe in all Example have wee from great Csefars fall.

But is the fonne to be diflik’d and blamed ,

Becaufe the mole is of his face afham’d ,

The fault is in the beaft not in the fonne

Give ficke mouthes fweete meates fy they relifh none,

But to the found in cenfure he commends.

His love unto his Country his true ends ,

T o modell out a Land of fo much worth ,

As untill now noe traveller feth forth,

Faire Canaans fecond felfe , fecond to none , m Natures rich Magazine till now unknowne 5 Then herefutvay, what nature hath in ftore.

And graunt him love for this, he craves no more*

R9 O. Gen*

Sj

Sir

L- *

Sir ChriftofFer Gardiner, Knight.

In laudera Authoris.

His work? si matcbles mirror Is that fhcwes,

The Humors of the fepemijle , and thofe So trueh perforated by thy pen, l was amaz’d to fee' therein all men, sjslay plainely fee as in an inter-lude ,

-Each actor , figure and tbefianc welt view’d,

In ConnickTragick and in a pafl or all fife.

For tyth of muit and Cummin fhews their lift t , nothing hut oppofition,gainfl the right ,

Of facred Majehtiemen, full of fight,

Goodnes abufeing , turning vertue out Of Tores, to shipping flocking and full bent ,

To plotting mfeheife ,gainfl the innocent ,

Fuming their houfes , as if ordained by fate.

In fyfaht ofLawe, to be made ruinate ,

This tafke is Well per form d and patience be ,

Thy prefent comfort and thy conflancy ,

Thine honor , andthis glajfewhere it f hall come ,

Shall flng thj praifes till the day of docme.

Sir. C. G.

In

S'

In laudem Author is.

Vt that 1 rather fitly 1 confejfe ,

The praSUft of their ('(lurch , 1 could expreffe CMyfelfe a Satyr iftt whop fmartingfanges , Shouldjlrike it With a pa/Jy , and the panges , Beget a fear e , to tempt the Majesty ,

Oftbofe , or mortal/ Gods, will they defie The Thundringjove, like children they depress.

Such it t heir %e ale, to {port them/elves ’frith fire^a.

So have 1 feene an angry Fly , prefume^s ,

Tofrike a burning taper , and cvnfume_j Bis feeble frings, why in an airefo milder ,

Are they fo monftrous grefrneup , and fo vildcj t

That Salvages can ofthemfelvesejpy

Their errors , brand their names frith infamy ,

What is their zeale for blood, like Cyrus thirjl.

Will they be over head and cares, a curjl A crucll fray to found a Church o»,noc_j, _

7“’ is not their zeale, but fury blinds themficj ,

And pricks their malice on like for to joyne.

And offer up the facrifce of Kain;

Jonas, thou haft done frell, to call thefe men Borne to repentance , frith thy fainefullpen.

F. C. Armiger.

B New

NEW ENGLISH CANAAN,

OR

NEW CANAAN.

The Authors prologue.

The more weproove it by difcovery,

The more delight each objedt to the eye Procures, as if the elements had here Bin reconcil’d, andpleafd itfhould appeare. Like a faire virgin, longing to be fped,

And meete her lover in a Nuptiall bed , Deck’d in rich ornaments t’ advaunce her ftate

And excellence, being m oft fortunate, Whenmoftenjoy’d,fo would our Canaan be If well imploy’d by art & induftry (wombe

Whole offpring,nowfhewes that her fruitful!

' Not being enjoy’d , is like a glorious tombe, Admired things producing which there dye, And ly faft bound in darck oblcurity,

The worth of which in each particuler.

Who lift to know, this abftradt will declare.

NEW

F art & induftry fhoulddoe as muc 1 As Nature hath for Canaan, not (uc Another place, for benefit and reft, Tn alltheuniverfecan be pofteft.

NEW ENGLISH CANAAN,

. OR NEW CANAAN.

7 he firjl Zoo, he.

Containing the originall of the Na¬ tives, their manrers.&Cuhcmes, with their tradlable nature and love towards the Englifh.

Chap* I.

T reeving 77 England the grincipall part oj all

^America, and mojl commodious and fitt for habitation,-- -•

He wifeCreator oftheuniverfall

\ Globe, hath placed a golden meane tX betwixt two extreames: Imeanethe temperate Zones , betwixt the hote and cold ; and every Creature, that participates ofHeavens bleflings,with • in the Compafle of tha t g olden meane , is made moft

B a apt

j2 Etfglifb CtMAAft

apt and fie, for man to ufe, who Ukewifeby that wife* dome is ordained to be the Lord of all. This globe ^ may be his glade , to teach him how to ufe modera¬ tion, and difcretion,both in his actions and intentions. The wile man fayes , give mee neither riches nor po¬ verty •, why ? Riches might make him proud like Nebuchadnezar, and poverty defpaire, like lobs wife,- Vfi of iiege- but a meane betweene both. So it is likewile in the tatives. up£ 0f Vegetatives, that which hath too much Heate

or too much Colde , is faidto be venenum , fo in the ufe of fenfitives , all thofe Animals , of what ge¬ nus or fpecies foever they be , if they participate of heate or cold, in the fuperlative , are faid to be lnimi- nfh foyfi- CA nuturee , as in feme Fifties about the Ifle of Sail , and “heifleof thofe Ilandes adjoyninge , betweene the Tropickes, Sail'. their participatinge of heate and cold, in the iuperla-

tive is made molt manifeft, one of which , poyfoned a whole Ships company that eate of it . A nd fo it is in Vipers, Toades, and Snakes, that have heate or cold in the fuperlative degree.

Therefore the Creatures that participate of heate and cold in a meane, are beft and hollomeft: And fo it is in the choyfe of love , the middell Zone be¬ tweene the two extreames is beft , and it is therefore Zona tern- called Zona temper at a, and is in the golden meane.-and ferata, the ajj thofe Landes lying under that Zone, moft requifite warn. and fitt for habitation. In Cofmography , the two extreames are called , the one Torrida Zona , lying be¬ tweene the Tropickes , the other Frigjda Zona , lying neare the Poles : all the landes lying under , either of thefe Zones , by reafoa , they doe participate too

much

TtfrliCb CfflA&n. i j

much of heate or cold, are very inconvenient , and are accompanied with many evils. And allthough I am not of opinion with Ariftotle, that the landes un¬ der Torrida Zonx , are altogether uninhabited , I my felfe having beene fo neare the equinodtiall line, that I have had the Sunn for my Zenith, and feene proofe to the contrary , yet cannot I deny > but that it is accom¬ panied with many inconveniences, as that Filh and Flefh both will taint in thole partes , notwithftanding the ufe of Salt which cannot be wanting there ? ordai¬ ned by natures hande-worke. And that is a great Sah ^ hinderance to the lettinge forth andfupply of naviga- deth under tion , the very Sinewes of a florifbing Common- Tropck#. wealth. - Thenbarrenneflfe , caufed through want ofraines, for in moft of thole partes of the world it is feldome accuftomed to raine , until! the time of the Tornathees (as the Portingals phrafe is , who lived there) and then it will raine about 40. dayes toge- ther , which moifture ferveth to fru&ify the earth for dayes about all the yeare after , duringe which time is feene no Auguflbe- raine at all : the heate and cold , and length of day and CtbT night, being much alike , with little difference. And Line. thefe raines are cauled by the turning of the windes, which elfe betweene the Tropickes, doe blow Trade, that is allwayes one way. For next the T ropicke of Cancer it is conftantly North-Eaft,and next the Tro- picke of Capricorne it is Southweft-fo that the windes comming from the Poles , do keepe the aire in thofe partes coole , and make it temperate and the partes habitable, were it not for thofe and other inconve¬ niences..

B 3

This

14

New Englifh Canaan*

Thi s l crrida Zona is good for Grafhoppers : and ZomTen^erata for the Ant and Bee. ^ But Frigida Zom good for neither, as by lamentable experience of Captaine Davis Fate , is manifeft, who in his in- caft. Davit queft of the Nortweffc paffage for theBaft India trade t0 was frozen to death. And thefore for Frigid* Zona,

‘ I agree with A riftotle, that it is unfit for habitation : and i know by the C curie of the cadeiliail globe , that mcX % Groeneland many Degrees fhort of the Bole • habitation . A^rticke 5 the place is too cold, by reafon of: the Sunns abfence a hr, oil fix monethes , and the land under the continuall power of the iroft ; which thinge many * more Navigators have prooved with pittitull expe¬ rience of their wintringe there , as appeareth by the hiftory, I thinke,they will not venture to winter there againe for an India mine.

° And as it is found by our Nation under the Pole Articke, lb it is likewife to be found under the Antar- ticke Pole , yet what hazard will not an induftrious minde.and contagious ipirit undergoe , according to that of the Poet. lmpiger extremes cmrit Mercator ad Indos per mare pauperiem fugkns , perfaxa,per ignes. And all to gett and hord up like the Aut and the Bee, and yet as Salomon faith , hee cannot tell whether a foole or a wife man fhail enjoy it. Therefore let us leave thefe two extreames,with their inconveniences, and indeavour to finde out this golden meane , fo free from any one of them. Behold the iecret wiie- dome ofallmighty God , and love unto,ourSalomon to raife a man ofa lardge hart , full ot worthy abilities to be the Index or Loadftarre , that doth point out

unto

New Englifb Cavddrr. T ^

unto the Englifh Nation, with eafe and comfort how to finde it out. And this the noble minded Gentle¬ man, Sir Ferdinando Gorges Knight , zealous for the Ferd*~ glory of God, the honor of his Majefty, and the bene- “ft |S lit of the weale publicke , hath done a great worke for c*ufc ofpian- the good of his Country. tinie Ncti>

And herein this, the wondrous wifedome and EngUvJ' love of God, isfhewne, by fending to the place his Minifter, to fweepe away by heapes the Salvages , and alfo giving him length of dayes , to fee the fame per -Plague. ° formed after his enterprife was begunne , for the pro¬ pagation ofthe Church of Chrift.

This judicious Gentleman,hath found this goul- den meane , to be fcituated about the middle of thofe twoextreames, and fordiredtionsyoumay proove it thus: Counting the fpace betweene the Line and ei¬ ther of the Poles, in true proportion , you (hall finde it to be 90. Degrees : then mult we finde the meane , to be neare unto the Center of 90. and that is about 45.

Degrees, and then incline unto the Sotherne fide of that Center , properly for the benefit of heate , re- membringe that Sol & Homo gener tit hominem; and then keepe us on that fame fide, and fee what Land is to be found there, and we fhall eafily difcerne that new Eng¬ land is on the South fide of that Center.

For that Country doth beginne her boundes at 40, Degrees of Northernc Iatitude,andendes at 45.^, £w Degrees of the fame latitude, and doth participate of is placed in heate and cold indifferently , but is opprefied withthe &oldcn neither : and therefo may be truly fayd to be within ne'* the compafle of that golden meane, molt apt and fit

for

f!g 'Englifh \ j

for habitation and generation , being placed by All- mishty God the great Creator, under that Zone, cal¬ led Zona temper ata , and is therefore moft fitt tor the veneration and habitation ot our E nglifh nation,or all other , who are moreneere neighbours to the INor- therne Pole, whofe Land lyeth betweene 50. and 54. Degrees of the felfefame latitude : now this new Eng¬ land though it be nearer to the line, then that old Nrtt, E«e- England by x o. Degrees of latitude, yet doth not this

j and 1 o.De . exceede that other in heate or cold , by reafon of the greet merer cituation cf jc for as the Coaft lyeth , being circular-

S ly Northeaft and Southweft , oppofite towards the

Sunnesrifinge, which makes his courfe over the O cean, it can have litle or no reflecting, heat of theSun- beames , by reafon of the continuall motion ot t he waters , makinge the aire there the cooler and the conftanter* fo that for the temperature oftheCliment, fweetnefle of the aire, fertility ot the Soile , and kriail number of the Salvages (which might feeme a rubb in the way off an effeminate minde , ) this Country ot new England is by ail judicious men , accounted the principall part of all America , for habitation and the commodioufnefle of the Sea, Ships there not being fubjedf to wormes , as in Virgineaand other places, and not to be paraleld in all Chriftendome. The T be M ajfa- Maffachufsets beingthe middell part thereof3is a very chujfetsinthe beautifull Land not mountany , nor inclininge to Sll mountany, lyeth in 42 . Degrees and 30 minutes, and hath as yet the greateft number ot inhabitants, and hath a very large bay to it , divided by lilands into 4, great bayes , where fhippinge may fately ride

New EnglifbCsinaan; x7

all windes and weathers , the windes in thofe partes The Winks being not fo violent as in England by many Degrees, foe there are no (hrubbsfeene , to leane from th windes as by the Sea Coaft of England , I have feene them leane , and the groundage is a fandy fleech tree from rockes to gaule Cables, but is good for ancho~ rage, the i eft of the Planters are difperft among the Coafts betweene 4r .and 44. Degrees of Latitude, and as yet, have very little way into the iland,the riches of which Country 1 have fet forth in this abftrabt as in a Land! kipp , for the better information of the Travel¬ lers, which hee may per ufe and plainely perceave by the demonftration of it , that it is nothing inferior to Canaan of lfrael , but a kind of paralell to it , in all points.

Chap* II.

Of the originall of the

IN the yeare fince the incarnation of Chrift, 1 6 2 2 .

it was my chance to be landed in the parts of New England, where I found two fortes of people, the one Chriftians , the other Infidels , thefe 1 found raoft full of humanity , and more friendly then the other ; as fhall hereafter be made apparant in Dew-Courle , by their feverall actions from time to time , whileft 1 li¬ ved among them After my arrival! in thole partes,! endeavoured by all the way es and meanes that I could to find out from what people or nation, the Natives of

C New

jg y<(ew 'Englifb Canaan *

New’ England might be conjectured originlly to proeeede,St by continuance &coiiverfatiotvamongft them, l attaned to I'o much of their language, as by all probable conjecture may make the fame manifeft, for ft hath been found by divers, and thofe of good judge¬ ment that the Natives of this Country , doe ufe very

• many wordes both of Greeke and Latine, to the lame

fignification that the Latins and Greekes have done, mixed as en animia^hen anlndian expreffeth , that hee doth language. thing with a good will ; and 1> afcofan figmfieth paq.. ^ i R. «-1^ of sn Indian that was

Mona an

io called ora unuu^i Y

minde.and much eating, for Pa fee in Latine figmfieth to feede , and ‘Pan in Greeke fignifieth all , and I’afco nanrnm qttajifafco nondum , halte ftarved , or not ea¬ ting , as yet ; Equa cage , fet it upright Memisxx Ifland in their language , qua ft Mown , that is alone, for an Ifland is a peece or plott of ground ftanding alone, and devidedj from the mane Land by force

ofwater. . „

0>s a Met- Css is a Whetftone with them. Hame an mftru-

»>«* ment to take Filh , many places doe retaine the' name of Pan , as Pantneket and Matt a fan lo that it may be thought that thefe people heretofore , have had „ the name of Pan in great reverence and eftimation

ShptelrJt and it may bee have worlhipped Pan the great God of ^ » i r-r _ _ dne life no roannei.

Godi

anuiLinyy u - — o

the Heathens : Howfoever they doe ufe no manner ofworfhip at all now : and it is molt likely that the Natives of this Country 5 are defeended from people bred upon that part of the world, which is towardes

New Englifh Canaan: ip

the Tropicke of Cancer , for they doe ftillretaine the memory of forae of the Starres one that part of thea Cseleftiall Globe , as the North- ftarre, which with them is called Mafke , for Mafke in their Languagefignifieth a Beare, and they doe di¬ vide the windes into eight partes , and it feemes ori¬ ginally , have had feme litterature amongft them, which timehath Cancelled and worne out of ufe, and where as it hath beene the opinion of feme men, which fhall be nameles , that the Natives of New- England may proceede from the race of the Tar¬ tars y and come from Tartaria into thofe partes, over the frozen Sea.

I fee no probality for any fuch Conjecture, ^et0 ?r0' for as much, as a people once fetled 5 muft be re- mooved by compulfion , or elfe tempted thereunto in hope of better fortunes , upon commendations of the ' place, unto which they fhould be drawne to r^moove, and if it may be thought , that thefe people came o- ver the frozen Sea , then would it be by compulfion5 iffo, then by whome, orwhen ? or what part of this mane continent may be thought ‘to border upon the Country of the Tartars , it is yet unknow'ne , and it No f m °f

is not like , that a people well enough at eafe, wil ^iZmetobe of their one accord undertake to travayle over a Sea near* Tarta* of Ice , confidering how many difficulties they V* fhall encounter with , asfirft whether there be any Land at the end of their unknowne way , no Land beinge in view , then want of Food to fuftane life in the meane time upon that Sea of Ice , or

C 2. how

20 New £ngU[h C&ni&ft.

how fhouldthey doe for Fuell, to keepe them at night from freezing to death, which will not bee had in fuch a place, but it may perhaps be granted that the Na¬ tives' of this Country might originally come of the fcattred Trojans : Forafter that Brutus, who was the forth from Aneas , left Latium upon the conflict had with the Latines, (where although bee gave them Brutm a great overthrow , to the Slaughter of their grand ct Captaine and many other of the Heroes of Latium, yet hee held it more fatety to depart up to feme other place , and people , then by ftayiug to runne the ha¬ zard ot an unquiet life or doubtful! Conqueft , which as hiftory maketh mention hee performed 5 ) this people were difperfed there is no queftion , but the people that lived with him > by realon of their con- verfetioo with the Grecians aud Latines, had a mixed language that participated of both , wbatfoever was that which was proper to their owne nation at firit,* I know hot for this is commonly leene where 2* nations traffique together, the one indevouring to understand the others meaning makes the both many times ipeak rmtiMmt* mixed language, as is approoved by the Natives ot New England , through the coveteous delire they

<»'»<-«] to commerce with our nation , andweewith

them* , . , r T

And when Brutus did depart from Latium , we doe not finde that his whoLenumber went with him at once , or atrivedat one place ; and being put to Sea atiebt encounter with a.ftorme , that would carry them outof fight of Land , and then they might layle God knoweth whether,and fo might be put upon this

2 I

Englif b Cam An.

Coaft, as well as any other; Compafte I beleeve they dMu the had none in thofe dayes j Sayles they might ha fir ft that ( which Daedalus the firft inventor thereof) left to af- u^d 5a^es- ter ages , having taught his Sonne Icarus the ufe of it, who to his Coft found how dangerous it is , for a ^^thaf^ Sonne not to obferve the precepts of a wife Father , fo ufid Sayles . that the Icarian Sea , now retainer the memory of it to this day , and Victuals they might have good ftore, and many other things fittinge , oares without all queftion, they would ftore themfelves with , in fuch a cafe, but for the ufe of Compafte there is no mention Troy ^ made of it at that time ( which was much about Sauls ftroyed about time the firft that was made King of: lfraell. ) Yet it is Saulsttme‘ thought (and that not without good reafonfor it ) that the ufe of the Loadftoney and Compafte was The un¬ knowns in Salomons time , for as much as Iieefent^0^ Shippes to fetch of the gould of Ophir, to adorne and bewtify that magnificent Temple of Hierufalem 3 by him built for the glory of Almighty God, and by his fpeciall appointment : and it is held by Cofmogra- phers to be 3 . yeares voyage from Hierufalem to O- phir, and it is conceaved that fuch a voyage could not have beene performed, without the helpe of the Loadftone and Compafte.

And why ftiauld any man thinke , the Natives of New England , to be the gleanings of all Nations, onely becaufe by the pronunciation and termination their words feeme to trench upon feverall languages, when time hath not furnifhed him with the inter¬ pretation thereof, the thinge that rauft induce a man of reafonabe capacity to any maner of conjecture 5 of

C 3 their

mens time*

2 New £nglijk Canaan,

their originall .muftby the fence and fignification of the words , principally to frame this argument by, when hee fhall drawe to any conclulion thereupon , o- therwife hee fhall but runne rounde about a maze ( as fomeof the fantafticall tribe ufe to do about the tythe of muit and comin, ) Therfore fince I have had the ap¬ probation of Sir Chriftopher gardiner Knight an able gentl. that livedamonglf them & of David Tompfbn a Scottilh gentl. that likewife was converfant with thofe people both Scollers and T ravellers that were diligent in taking notice of thefe things as men of good judgement. And that have bin in thofe parts any time ; befides others of lefle, now I am bold to conclude that the originall of the Natives of New England may be well conje&ured to be from the feat* tered Trojans , after , fuch time as Brutus departed' from Latium*

'K: - - ■■ ' : s

HAP.

Of a great mortality that happened amongfl the ^Natives ofNeyr Engl and ne ere about the time, that the Snglifh came there to plant .

IT fortuned fbme few yeares , before the Englifh came toinhabit at new Plimmouth inNewEngland; that upon fome diftaft given in theMaflachuflets bay, by Frenchmen, then trading there with the Natives for beaver , they fet upon the men, at fuch adt'antage,

that they killed manic of them burned their fhipp

then

EngUfb CdrtAdn, 23

then riding at Anchor by anlfland there, now cal¬ led Peddocks Ifland in memory of Leonard Peddock that landed there(where manywilde Anckies haunted that time which hee thought had bin tame,) diftribu- ting them unto 5 . Sachems which were Lords of the feverall territories adjoyninge, they did keepe them lb longe as they lived , onely to fport themfeives at them , and made thefe five Frenchmen fetch them wood and water, which is the generall worke that they the Salva^, require ofa fervant , one of thefe five men out livings the reft had, learned fo much of their language , as to rebuke them for their bloudy deede , laying that God would be angry with them for it ; and that hee would in his difpleafere deftroy them • but the Salvages ( it feemes boafting of their ftrenght, ) replyed and fayd5 that they were ib many, that God could not kill them.

But contrary wife in ihort time after, the hand of 7 pjagUe God fell heavily upon them , with fuch a mortall fell on the ftroake , that they died on heapes , as they lay in their ln^ans* houfes and the living; that were able to ftiift for them- felves would runne away. Sc let them dy, and let there Carkafes ly above the ground without burialL For in a place where many inhabited , there hath been but one left a live , to tell what became ofthe reft , the livinge being ( as it feemes; ) not able to bury the dead, they Tfje were left for Crowes, Kites,and vermin to pray upon, not able to And the bones and lkulls upon the feverall places of jury the their habitations,made fuch a fpedtacle aftermy com- ea * ming into thofe partes , that as I travailed in that For- reft, nere the Maffachuflets, it feemed to mee a new found Golgatha.

But

2 a Engtifh Cam Ah.

But otherwife it is the cuftome of thole Indian- people, to bury their dead ceremonioufly , and care¬ fully , and then to abandon that place , becaufe thev have no defire the place fhould put them in rninde of mortality : and this mortality was not ended , when the Brownifts of new Plimmouth were fetled at Pa- tuxet in New England, and by all iikelyhood the fick- neffe that thefe Indians died of, was the Plague, as by conference with them fince my arrivall , and habi¬ tation in thofe partes , I have learned, And by this meanes there is as yet but a fmall number of Sal¬ vages in New England' to that , which hath beene in former time , and the place is made fo much the p morefitt, for the Enelifh Nation to inhabit in, aud

*'S * S in ic Temples to the glory of God.

It

CHAP. IV.

0 f their Houfes and Habitations.

TtJe Natives of New England are accuftomed to build them houfes , much like the wild lrilb, they gather Poles in thewoodes and put the great end of them in the ground , placinge them in torme of a circle or circumference , and bendinge the topps of them in forme of an Arch .they bind them together with the Barke of Walnut trees , which is wondrous tuffe , fo that they make the fame round on the Topp. ~ • : :-'A

I

For

New English CwAdn. sy

For the finooke of their fire, to alfendand paffe through ? thefe they cover with matts , feme made of reeds,and feme of longe flagges3or ledge finely lowed together with needles made of the Iplinter bones of a Cranes legge , withthreeds, made of their Indian hempe, which their groueth naturally, leaving feveraii places for dcres, which are covered with mats , which may be rowled up , and let downe againe at their plea- fures , making ufe , of the feverall dores, according as the winde fitts , the fire is alwayes made in the mid- deft of the houfe , with winde fals commonly : yet fome times they fell a tree , that groweth neere the the houfe and by drawing in the end thereof main- taine the fire on both fids , burning the tree by De¬ grees Ihorter and ftorter , untill it beallconfumedj for it burneth night and day , their lodging is made in three places of the houfe about the fire, they lye upon plankes commonly about a foote or 1 8. inches aboue the ground railed upon railes that are borne up upon forks they lay mats under them , and Coats of Deare s fkinnes otters beavers Racownes and of Beares hides, all which they have drefied and converted into good lether with the haire on for their coverings and in this manner they lye as warme as they defire in the night they take their reft, in the day time , either the kettle is on with fifn or fiefh,by no allowance ; or elfe, the fire is imployed in roafting of fifties , which they delight in’, the aire doeth beget good ftomacks , and they feede continually , and are no niggards of their vittels., for they are willing , that any one ftall eate with them, May if any one , that ftall come into their

D hou-

£ 2{e'to Engli(k Canaan.

houfes.and there fall a fleepe , when they fee him dif- pofed to lye downe , they will fpreade a matt for him, of their owue accord , and lay a roule of fkinnes for a boulfter , and let him lye ? tf hee fleepe untill their meate bedilhedup, they will fet a wooden boule of nieate by him that fleepeth,& wake him fayingCattup keene Meckin : That is, if you be hungry , there is meat for you , where if you will eate you may , fuch is their Humanity.

Likewile when they are minded ro remoove , they carry away the mats with them, other materiales the place adjoyning will yeald , they ufe not to winter and fummer in one place, for that would be a reafon to makefuell fcarfe , but after the manner of the gentry of Civilized natives , remoove for their pleafures, fome times to their hunting places where they re- maine keeping good hofpitality , for that lea- fon; andfometimes to their fiihiug places, where they abide for that feafon likewife •' and at the fpring, when fifh comes in plentifully , they have meetinges from feverall places, where they exercife t hemic Ives inga- minge, and playing of juglinge trickes,and all man- ner of Revelles , which they are deligted in , that it is admirable to behould,what pallime they ufe, of feve¬ rall kindes, every one ftriving to furpaife each other, after this manner they fpend their

time.

£HAP.

'English Qtntun.

*7

Chap. V.

Of their Religion*

IT h as bin a common receaved opinion from Ci¬ cero , that there is no people fo barbarous, but have fome wor(hipp,or other in this particular , I am not of opinion rherem withTully; and furely , Ifheehad bin amongft thofe people fo longe as I have bin , and converled fomuch with them, touching this matter of Religion, hee would have changed his opinion, neither Ihould we have found this error, amongft the reft , by the helpe ol that wodden profpedi5if it had not been fo unadvisedly built upon fuch highe land as that Coaft.

( all mens judgements in generall ,) doth not yeeld , had hee but taken the judiciall councell of Sir William Alexander, that fetts this thing forth in an exadt and conclufive fontence • if hee be not too obftinate ?. hee would graunt that worthy writer , that thefe people art fine fide , fine lege , & fine rege , and hee hath ex¬ emplified this thinge by a familiar demonftration , which I have by longe experience obferved to be true.

And me thinks, it isabfurd to fay they haveakinde ofworfhip, and not be able to demonltrate whome or what it is they are accuftomed to worlhip. For my part I am more willing to beleeve that the b.le- phants (which are reported to be the molt intelligible of all beafts ) doe worihip the moone 5 for the reafons

D 2 given

2,8 . New £ngU[ h Canaan,

given by the author of this report as Mr.ThomasMay, the minion of the Mufes dos recite it in his ’contima- tion, of Lucans hiftoricail poem,rather then this man, to that I rauft beeconftrained , to conclude againft him , and Cicero ; thatthe Natives of New England have no worfhip nor religion at all ,and I am fure it has been fo obferved by thole that neede not the helpe ofa wodden profpedt for the matter.

Chan VL

Of the Indians affarrell*

THe Indians in thefe parts do make their apparrelJ, of the f kinnesJof feverall fortes of beaftes , and commonly of thole , that doe frequent thole partes where they doe live, yet feme of them for variety; will have the fkinnes of fuch beafts that frequent the partes of their neighbors , which they purchafe of them, by Commerce and Trade.

T he Indians Thefe fkinnes they convert into very good le-

makeg<x>tile~t^cr * Inaking the lame plume and loft. Some of 1 ° * thefe fkinnes they drelfe with the haire on , and feme with the haire off j the hairy fide in winter time they weare next their bodies, and in warme weather , they weare the haire outwardes : they make likewife feme Coates of the Feathers ofTurkies, which they weave together with twine ot their owne makinge, very prit-

tily : thefe garments they weare like mantels knit over

v- - - : their

New Efiglifb Canaan. 29

their ftoulders,and put under their arme : they have likewife another fort of mantels , made of Mofe fkinnnes, which beaft is a great large Deere , fo bigge as a horfe , thefe fkinnes they commonly dreife bare, and make them wondrous white , and ftripe them with fize, round about the borders, in forme like lace fet on by a T ay lor , and fome they ftripe with fize , in workes of feverall fafhions very curious , according to ln^tans the feverall fantafies of the workemen , wherein they ft mkpnen ftrive to excell one another : And Mantels made offor?ljcir&4r* Beares fkinnes is an ufuall wearinge , among the Na- mmts # tives , that live where the Beares doe haunt : they make fhooes of Mofe fkinnes , which is the principal! leather u fed to that purpofe- and forwant ofluchle- ther ( which is the ftrongeft ) they make fhooes of Deeres fkinnes, very handfomly and commodious, and of fuchdeeres fkinnes as they dreffebare , they make ftockinges, that comes within their fhooes, like ‘ a ftirrop ftockinge, and is faftned above at their belt which is about their middell $ Every male after hee attaines unto the age , which they call Pubes, wereth a belt about his middell, and abroad peece of lether that goethbetweene his leggs, and istuckt up both before and behinde under that belt , and this theyT/^ } weareto hide their fecreats of nature $ which by no oftheindim meanes they will luffer to be feene , fo much modefty mn% they ufe in that particular , thofe garments they all* wayes put on , when they goe a huntinge to keepe their fkinnes from t brufh of the Shrubbs, and when they have rheir Apparrell one, they lookelike Irifh 9i . ' D 3 ~ their

go 7\(j?}p 'Englifb Canaan*

their troufes , the Stockinges joyne fo to their breeches . A good well growne deere f kin is of great account with them , and it muft have the tale on,or elfe they account it defaced , the tale being three times as long as the tales of our Engliih Deere , yea foure times fo lomge, this when they travellis raped round about their body , and with a girdle of their making , bound round about their middles , to which girdle is faftned a bagg , in which his inftruments be, with which hee can ftrike fire upon any occafion. w/lTivitb Thus with their bow in their left hand , and their

materials to quiuer ofArrowes at their back, hanging one their left ftnke fire at j h0ulder with the lower end of it , in their right hand, a trnes, will runne away a dogg trot , untill they come to

their journey jend , and in this kinde of .ornament, (they doe feeme to me ) to be hanfomer , then when they areinEnglifhapparrell , their gefture being an- fwerable to their one habit and not unto ours.

Their women have fhooes and ftockinges to weare likewife when they pleafe,fuch as the men have, but the mantle they ufe to cover their nakedneffe with, is much longer then that, which the men ufe; for as the men have one Deeres fkinn, the women have two foed together at the full iepght> and it is fo lardge that it trades after them, like a great Ladies trane,and in timel thinkethey may have their Pages to beare them up:and where the men ufe but one Reares fkinn for a Mantle, the women have two feed together^ and if any of their women would at any time f hi ft: one,

they take that which they intend to make ufe of, and

, ‘ r ' ’ U call

4 ■ r ^ •• V^Js • U v

New Englijh Canaan: 3 r

caft it over them round , before they (hifte away the other/or modefty, being unwilling to be feen& to diCTheJndiaris cover their nakednefle,and the one being fo call: over -a/hamed ef

they flip the other from under them in a decent man-^T ^ "

ner, which is to be noted in people uncivilized, therein they feeme to have as much modefty as civilized people,and deferve to be applauded for it.

Chap. VII.

Of their Child-hearing , and delivery > and yphat manner of f erf ons they are .

THe women of this Country, are notfuffered to be ufed for procreation , untill the ripenefle of their age;at which time they weare a redd cap made of le- ther in forme like to ourflat caps , and this they weare for the fpace ofi 2.moneths:for all men to take notice of them that have any mindetoa wife ; and then it is the cuftome offome of their Sachems or Lords ofthe territorieSjtohavethefirftfayor maidenhead of the females ? ( very apt they are ) to be with childe 5 and very laborious when they beare children , yea when they are as great as they can be , yet in that cafe they T he mmn neither forbeare laboure , nor travaile , I have feene ^ them in that plight with burthens at their backs jabdiml enough to load a horfe,yet doe they not mifcarry,but have a faire delivery , and a quick, their women are very good midwifes, and the women very lufty after

;deli-

’- 2 2\(£ip Englifh Ca»44ff.

delivery and in a day or two will travell or trudge about. Their infants are borne with haire on their heads;and are of complexion white as our nation , but chilirenba. their mothers in their infancy make a bath of Wall- thedto staim nut leaves, hufkes of Walnuts, and fuch things as will the J kjnne. flaine thejr f kinne for ever , wherein they dip and

wafhe them to make them tawny, the coloure ol their ' haire is black, and their eyes black , thefe infants are carried at their mothers backs, by the help ofa cradle made of a board forket at both ends , whereon the childe is faft bound , and wrapped in furres : his knees thruft up towards his bellie , becaufe they may be the more ufefull for them when he fitteth, which is as a dogge does on hisbumme , and this cradle furely pre- ferues them better then the cradles of our nation j for as much, as we finde them well proportioned not any of them , crooked backed or wry legged , and to give their charra&er in a worde , they are as proper men and women for feature and limbes as can be found, for flefh and bloud as adtiveflonge handed they are, (I ne¬ ver fawe a clunchfifted Salvadg amonft them all in my time. ) The colour of their eies being fo generally black, made a Salvage (that had a younge infant whole eies were gray, ) (hewed him to us and laid they were Englifh mens eies, I tould the Father , that his lonne was nan met eo, which is a baftard , hee replied tit to.

. Cbefhetuc ft] it da , which is hee could not tell } his wile might play the whore and this childe the father defi- red might have an Englifh name , becaufe ofthe like- nefle of his eies which his father had in admiration, becaufeof novelty amongft their Nation,

f(ea> Ettglifb Cmmi&

33

Chap. V I I I,

6

Of their Reference, dndrefpeB to age,

IT is a thing to be admired, and indeede made a pre- fident, that a Nation yet uncivilized, fhonld more refpe<5tage then feme nations civilized ^ fince there ^eynol^ are fo many precepts both of divine and humane wri -red among ters extant : toinftrud: more Civill Nations in that particular wherein they excell , the younger are all- wayes obedient unto the elder people, and at their commaunds in every refpedt without grummbling, in all councels ( as therein they are circumfpedt to do their acciones by advife and counfell and *not raifhly or inconfiderately , the younger mens opinion fhall be heard , but the old mens opinion and councell im- braced and followed , 4pefides as the elder feede and provide for the younger in infancy : fo doe the younger aft&t being growne to yeares of manhood, provide for thofe that be aged, and in diftnbution of Acctes the elder men are firft ferved , by their dit penfator and their counfels ( efpecially if they be . powahs) are efteemed as oracles amongft the younger Natives.

The confideration’of thefe things, mee thinkes fhould reduce fome of our irregular young people of civilized Nations : when this ftory fhall come to their knowledge, to better manners 3 and make them afhamed of their former error in this kinde, and to

E be-

Zwjlfh Canaan.

become hereafter more duetyfull , which I as a friend ( by obfervarion having found) have herein recorded tor that purpofe.

.Chap. IX.

Of their pretty conmring tricks-

Il< we doc not judge amifle of thefe Salvages in ac¬ counting them witches, yet out of a'l queftion , we may be bould to conclude them to be but weake witches , fuch of them as wee call by the names of Powahs fome coirefpondency they have with the De¬ vil, out of al doubt as by fome of their accions, in which they glory , is manifelted Papafiquineo ; that Sachem or Sagamore is a Powah of greate eftimation amougft allkinde of Salvages , there hee is at their Revels (which is the time when a great company ot Salvages meete , from teverall parts of che Country , in amity with their ueighbours)hath advauncedhis honor in his feats or jugling tricks (as 1 may right tearme them) to the admiration ofthe fpe&ators whome hee endevou- red to perfwade,that he would goe under water to the further fide of a river to broade for any man to under- take with a breath , which thing hee performed by fwimming over & deluding the company with catting

a mitt before their eies that fee him ert ter in and come out, but no part of the way hee has 0111 teeue , likewi e by our fcnglith in the heat of all. fummertomakelce appeare in a bowle offaire water, firfthavingthe wa¬ ter fet before him hee hath begunue his incantation according to tlieir ufuall acchltortie and before the

fame has bill ended a thick ClovVde has darkned the1 -to ->■ . aire

‘English Can a Aft* j j

aire and on a lodane a thunder dap hath bin heard that has amazed the natives , in an inftant heehath fhewedafirmepeeceoflceto flote in themiddeft of the bowle in the prelence of the vulgar people , which donbtles was done by the agilityofSatan his conlort.

And by meanes ofthefe heights and fuch like tri¬ vial things, as thefe theygaine fuch eftimation amongft the reft of the Salvages-that it isthought a very impi¬ ous matter for any man to derogate from the words of thefe Powahs* In fo much as hee that fhould flight them , is thought to commit a crime no lefle hainous amongft them, as facriledge is with us, as may appeare by this one paflage, which! wil let forth foran inftance.

A neighbour of mine that had entertain'd a Salvage into his fervice , to be his fadtor for the beaver trade A amongft his countrymen , delivered unto him divers parcells of commodities, fit forthem ta trade with^a- mongft the reft there was one coate of more efteeme then any of the other, and with this his new entertai¬ ned marchant man travels amonft his countrymen to truck them away for beaver : as our cuftome hath bin5 the Salvage went up into the Country amongft his neighbours for beaver Sc returned with fbme, but not enough anfwerable to his Mafteers expectation , but being called to an accompt and efpecially for that one Coate of fpeciall note5 made anfwer that he had given that coate toTantoquineo , a Powah:to which his ma¬ tter in a rage cryed what have I to doe withTamtoqui- neo > The Salvage very angry at the matter cryed,. what you fpeake^you are not a very good man, wil you not giveTantoq.a coat? whats this?as if he had offered

E 2 Tan-

New Stiglifh C tin da /t.

Tanteqmneo , the greateft indignity that could be devi- fed : fo great is the eftimation and reverence that thefe people have of thefe lngling Powahs , who are ufually fent for ( when any perfon is ficke and ill at eafejto re¬ cover them , for which they receive rewards as doe our Chirgeons and Phifitions , and they doe make a , EmH[h trade of it , and boaft of their f kill where they come: f„an Mof One amongft the reft did undertake to cure an Eng- a fuelling lifhmanofafwellingof his hand for a parcell of bif- kett, which being delivered him, hee tooke the par¬ ty greived into the woods afide from company > and with the helpe of the devill ( as may be conjectured) quickly recovered him of that fwelhng , and fent him about his worke againe.

Chap. X.

Of their duels and the honourable epmation of rz>i- flory obtained thereby.

THefe Salvages are not apt to quarrell one with anothet : yet fuch hath bin the occafion that a difference hath happened , which hath growne to that How theSal. height , that it has not bin reconciled otherwife then t rages fer- Jjy combat, which hath bin performed in this manner, theW £he two champions prepared for the fight , with their bowes in hand , and a quiver full of arrowes at their backs, they have entered into the field, the Challenger

and challenged have chofen two trees , Sanding with

in

New Englifh Canaan, ^

in a little diftance of each other • they have call lotts for the cheife of the trees, then either champion fet- ting himfelfe behinde his tree watches an advantage, to let fly his (hafts, and to gall his enemy , there they continue (hooting at each other, ifbychaunce they efpie any part open , they endeavonr to gall the com¬ batant in that part;and ufe much agility in the perfor. manceofthe tafkethey have in hand. Refblutethey are in the execution of their vengeance ^ when once they have begunne , and will in no wife be daunted, or feeme to (hrinck though they doe catch a clap with an arrow, but fight it out in this manner un till one or bothbeflaine. -

I have bin fhewed the places, where fech duels have bin performed , and have fuond the trees marked for a memoriall of the Combat , where that champion hath flood, that had the hap to be flaine in they performs theduell? and they count it the greateft honor that* duel!+ can be , to the ferviving Cumbatant to (hew the fcares of the wounds, received in this kinde of Con¬ flict, and if it happen to be on the arme as thofe parts are moft in danger in thefe cafes, they will alwayes weare a bracelet upon that place of the arme , as a trophy of honor to their dying * l < day.

CHAP,

3§

New Englij]) Canaan.

C H A P* XL

Of the maintaining of their Refutation*

REputation is fuch a thing, that it keepes many men in awe 5 even amongft Civilized nations, and is very much ftood upon fit is (as one hath very well noted)the awe of great men and of Kings , and fince I have obfervedit, to be maintained amongft Salvage people, I cannot chufe but give an inftance thereof in this treadle , tQ confirme the common receaved opi¬ nion thereof.

The Sachem or Sagamore ofSagus made chqile , (when hee came to mans eftate)of a Lady of noble dil* cent, Daughter to Papafiquineo: the Sachem or Saga¬ more of the territories neare Merrimack River a man marriage* Q f the note ancj estimation in all thole parts ( and

as my CountrymanMr. Wood declares in his profpeCty a great Nigromancer, this Lady the younge Sachem with the content & good liking of her father marries, and takes for his wife.Great entertainement , hee and his receaved in thofe parts at her fathers hands, where they weare felted in the belt manner that might be ex¬ pected, according to the Cuftome o! their nation,1 with reveling, & liich other lolemnities as is ukiall amongft them. The folemnity being ended , Papafiquineo caufes afeleCted number of his men to waite upon his Daughter homeiinto thofe parts that did properly be¬ long to ber Lord, and huf band, where the attendants had entertainment by the Sachem of Sagus and his Countrymen : the folemnity being ended , the atten* dants were gratified.

Not long after the new married Lady had a great

defire

'Englifh Canaan, 39

defire to fee her lather , and her native country , ftom whence (hee came, her Lord willing to pleafiire her, 5c not deny her requeft ( amongft them ) thought to be reafbnable commanded a feledted number of his owne men rocondudt hisLady to herFather-wherwith great refpedt they brought her : and having feafted there a while, returned to their owne country againe, leaving the Lady to continue there at her owne pleafure , a- . mongft her friends, and old acquaintance : where fhee paffed away the time lor a while: and in the end defired to returne to herLord againe. Her father the oldPapa- fiquineo having notice other intent, fentfome of his An'mb&f. men on ambaiiage to the younge Sachem, his forme infoge fent J law, tolethim underftand that his daughter was not^^^^T willing, to ablent her felte from his company any Ion -fomeL la&l ger$5c therfore(as the meflengers had in charge) deli- Sachem. red the youngeLord to fend a convoy for her: but hee {landing upon tearmes of honor, 5c the maintaining of his reputand, retumd to his father in law this anfwere that when (he departed from him, hee caufed his men to wake upon her to her fathers territories , as it did become him: but now (hee had an intent to returne, it did become her father, to fend her back with a convoy of his own people: & that it flood not with his reputa¬ tion to make him felt or his men fo ter vile, totetch her againe. The oldSach.emPapafiquineo having this met fage returned, was imaged^ to think that his young fbn in law did not efteeme Hijrh at a higher rate, then to ca¬ pitulate with him about the matter, &returne him this fharpe reply- that his daughters bloud, and birth defer- ved no moVe relpe^C: then to be fo flighted, 5c there¬ fore if he would' have -ner company , hee were beft to fend or come for her. T he

Beads in Bead of Money*

New EngUfh Canaan.

The younge Sachem not willing to under value himfelfe.and being a man of a ftout fpirit , did not flick to fay , that hee (hould either fend her , by his owne Convey, or keepe herj for hee was not determined to

ftoope fo lowe.

So much thefe two Sachems flood upon tearmes of reputation with each other, the-one would not ferjd her, & the other would not fend for her,leaft it (hould beany diminiihing of honor on his part , that (hould feeme to comply, that the Lady (when I came out of the Country ) remained ftill with her father,- which is a thinge worth the noting , that Salvage people (hould feeke to maintaine their reputation fo much

as they doe,

CHAP. XII.

Of their t raff eke and trade one with another.

A Lthough thefe people have not the ufe of navi- J\ nation , whereby they may trafficke as other na- tions, that are civilized , ufe to doe , yet doe they bar¬ ter for fuch commodities as they have,& have a kinde of beads,- in fteedeof money , to buy withallluch things as they want , which they call Wampampeak : and it is of two forts , the one is white the other is ot a violet coloure. T hefe are made of the (hells ot fifhe- the white with them is as filverwith us s the other as our gould , and tor thefe beads they buy , and fell, not op'ely amongft themfel ves, but even with us.

*

Englifh Cantm. -

Wehaveufedto fell diem any of our 'commo- The named dities for this Wampampeak , becanfe we know , we their beads can have beaver againe of them for it : and thefe beads are currant in all the parts of New England/ * from one end ofthe Coaft to the other. . - ,

And although fome have indevoured by ex¬ ample to have the like made , of the fame kinde of flieis, yet none hath ever , as yet , attained to any per¬ fection in the compofure of them , but that the Sal¬ vages have found a great difference to be in the one and the other; and have knowne the counterfett beads from thofe of their owne making- and have , and doe flight them. .

Thefkinnesjofbeafts are fould and bartered to fuch people ; as have none of the fame kinde in the parts where they live.

Likewife they have earthen potts of di vers fizes, from a quarte to a gallon, 2 . or 3 . to boyle their vit- tels in ,* very ftronge , though they be thin like our Iron pott$;. r ’

They have dainty wooden bowles of maple, of highe price amongft them , and thefe (are diiperfed . by bartering one with the other, and are but in cer- taine parts ofthe Country made, where the feveralt trades are appropriated to the inhabitants of thofe parts onely.

So likewife ( at the feafon of the yeare ) the Sal¬ vages that live by the Sea fide for trade with the in¬ landers for frefli water , reles curious filver reles, which are bought up of fuch as have them not fre¬ quent in otherplaces , cheftnuts , and fuch like ufefull ' E things

- «

»

-2 Tfe'to Englt[h Canaan.

things as one place afFordeth , are fould to the inha¬ bitants of another : where they are a novelty ac- coinpted amongftthe natives of the land ; and there is no fuch thing to barter withall , as is their Whara- paropeake.

• ■ f ... . , . ’ * • ' \

Chap. XIII.

Of their Magazines or Storehouses.

THefe people are not without providence, though they be uncivilized , but are carefull to preferve foede in ftoreagainft winter, which is the corne that they laboure and dreffe in thefummer , And although lay up come they eate freely of it , whiles it is growinge , yet have jot winter, a care to keepe a convenient portion thereof ; to

releeve them in the dead of winter , ( like to the Ant and the Bee) which they put underground.

Their barnes are holes made in the earth , that will hold a Hogfhead of corne a peece in them. In thefe ( when their corne is out of the huf ke and well dried ) they lay their ftore in greate baf kets ( which they make of Sparke ) with matts under, about the (ides and on the top .* and putting it into the place made for it , they cover it with earth •' and in this manner it is preferved from deftrticfion or putri- fa&ion j to be ufed in cafe of necellity , and not selfe.

And

2\^n> Englfh Canaan ^

And I am perfwaded, that if they knew the bene" fit of Sake (as they may in time, ) and the meanes to make fakemeatefrefh againe, they would endeaver to prelerve fiihe for winter , as wellascorne - and that if any thinge bring them to civility , it will be the ufe of Sake, to have foode in (tore , which is a cheife benefit in a civilized Commonwealth,

Thefe people have begunne already to incline to the ufe or Sake. Many of them would begge SalteT^ , of mee for to carry home with them , that had fre- sJte cffh& quented our howfes and had beene acquainted with our Sake meats : and Sake I willingly gave them,* although I fbuld them all things elfe : onely be- caufe they fhould be delighted with the ufe there of5 and thinke it a commodity of no value in it felfe , all- though the benefit was great, that might be had by the ufe ofit.

C H A Pv XIV.

t . ¥ . . vjs *

. . > . 1 _ • i ' J l /

Of their e Suhtilety.

THefe people are not ( as feme have thought a dull , or (lender witted people r but very inge¬ nious and very fubtile. I could give maine inftances tomaintaine mine opinion of them in this : But I will onely relate one, which is a paflage worthy to beobferved*

F 2

In

- ' ]$qq> Sttgltfh Cdncutft*

In the Maflacbuflets bay lived Cheecatawback the Sachem or Sagamore of tholb territories , who had large dominions , which hee did appropriate to

himfelfe. - ; « t? : f l tr: c c ,

Into thofe parts came agreate company or bal-

vaores from the territories ot Narohiganfet , to the number of i oo. per foils ; and in this Sachems Domi¬ nions they intended to winter.

When they went a hnnring for turkies : they fpreade over inch. a greate lcopc of ground , that a Turkic could hardily efcape therm Deare theyikulcd un in preate abundance , and teafted their bodies very

'r _ i 1_-11 _ 3 1 _ • fnf*

corne+

t* yy ** j mw -

rfiv neighboiures for "come y and fuck other commo¬ dities as they had neede of « and my neighbours had a wonderfull great benefit by their being inthofe parts. Yea fometimes ( like gemous fellowes ) they would prefent their, Nlarchant. with , a fatt beaver A beaver f^inne alwayeS the tayle was not dimmimed, but prefented full and whole although the tayle is a tfgrteM. prefent for a Sachem, and is offuch malculame vertue, mem. that if fome ofour Ladies knew the benent tnereot,

they would de.fife ,to have (hips fept . of pqrpofe , to trade, for the. tayle alone j it iS;(achh rarity c, as is not

more efteenjed: plythertiteafon d.otkteciviC£*p ■ - »*.

But tfeeiSachem.Cheecatawbak;! ( on whole pol- feffions : they ufurped , i and converted .the commo¬ dities thereof to their owne ufe , contrary to his li- keing ) not being of power to refill them , praitiled

to doe it by a fubtrlp llratagem. And to that end "i ' - * • gave

New Englifh Canun. > 45

gave it out amongft us, that the caufe why thefeother Afultik Salvages of the Narohiganfets , came into thefe parts , was to fee what ilrength we were of, and to watch an opportunity to cut us off, and take that which they found in our cultody ufefull for them ; And ad¬ ded further , they would burne pur howfes , and that they had caught one of his men, named Mefhebro, and compelled him to difoover to them where their barnes , Magazines , or ftorehowles were , and had taken away his corne , andfeemedto be in a pittifull perplexity about the matter.

And the more to adde reputation to this tale, defires that his wifes and children might be harbered in one.of our howfes. This was gfaunted , and my neighbours put on corflets , headpeeces, and weapons defenfive and offenfive. < »•

j:This thing being knowne to Cheecatawback, hee caufed fbme of his men to bring the Narohigan¬ fets to trade^hat they might fee the preparation.

The Salvage that was a ftranger to the plott, lim¬ ply comming to. trade and finding Ins merchants, ' 5 lopkeslike lobfters , all cladd in harnefle, was in a f maze to thinke what would be the end of it. Hafte i hepmade to trade away his furres, and tookq any thing for them , willing himfelfe well rid of them and of thQcpmpany.inthehowfe.i; [ f ; , M \. :

But (as the manner has bin ) hee muft eat ejtared^ fome furmety before hee goe : dovvnehee fits ,and eats , and withall had an eie on every fide; and now {and .then ffaw a fword , or a dagger lay.d a thwart a bcadpcece, which hee wondered at and afked his

J? 3 giude

^6 New Bnglljh Canaam

giude whether ’the company were not angry. The guide , ( that was privy to his Lords plot ) anfwered in his language, that hee could not tell. Buttheharme- lefle Salvage before hee had haife filled his belly, Par¬ ted upon a fodayne,and ranne out of the howfe in fiich haft , that hee left his furmety there , and ftayed not to looke behinde him who came after : Glad hee was that he had efcaped lo.

Thefubtile Sachem hee playd the tragedian * and fainedafeareofbeingfurprifed ; andfent to fee whe- tlier the enemies ( as the Meffenger termed them) were not in the howfe ; and comes in a by way with his wifes and children ; and ftopps rhe chinkes of the out howfe, for feare the fire might be feeneinthe night , and be a meanes to diredt his enemies where

to findethem. '

And in the meane time , hee prepared for his Ambaflador to his enemies a Salvage , that had lived 12. moneths in England , to the end it A Salvage might adde reputation to his ambaflage. This man veil 2 Mo- hee fends to thofe intruding Narohiganfets , to tell ZthsinEng- them that they did very great injury , to his Lord , to land, fern for trench upon his prerogatives : andadvifed them tb

up their pipes, and begon in time : if they would not, that his Lord would come upon them , and in his , . ayd his freindsthe Englifh, who were up in armes already to take his part, and compell them by force to be gone , if they refufed to depart by faire meanes.

This meflage comming on the neck of that which [ doubt-

'Engltfh Canaan.

doubtleffe the fearefull Salvage hadbefore related of A good op* his efcape , and what hee had obferved ; can fed all polity of thole hundred Narohiganfets ( that meant us no tfflfjx hurt) to be gone with bagg, and baggage. And my fubthityof# neighbours were gulled by the fubtilety of this Sacbm* Sachem , and loft the beft trade of beaver that ever they had for the time , and in the end found theire error in this kinde of credulity when it was too late.

Chap. XV.

Of their admirable perfection 5 in the t$fe of the fences .

THisisathingenot onely obferved by mee, and diverfe of the; Salvages of New England , but alfo , by the French men in Nova Francia , and. therefore I am the more incouraged to publifh in this Treatice my obfervation of them , in the ufe of theire fences : which is a thinge that I fhould not eafily have bin induced , to beleeve , if I my felfe , had not bin an eie witnefle , of what I fhall relate.

I have obferved , that the Salvages have the T heSahtgtj fence of feeing fo farre beyond any of our Nation, h*ve that one would allmoft beleeve they had intelligence tnge better* cfthe Devill, fometimes ; when they have tould thcntUltog* us of a fhipp at Sea > which they have feene , lilh'

foener

' New EngUfh C An Ann.

foener by one bower , yea two bowers layle,then any EngUfh man that ftood by ; ofpurpofe to looke out;,

their fight is fo excellent.

Their eies indeede are black as iett ; and that co- ler is accounted the ftrongeft for fight. And as they excell us in this particular fo much noted , fo I thinke

they excell us in all the reft.

This I am fare, 1 have well obferved , that m the fence of fmelling , they have very great -perfection: which is confirmed by the opinion ot the French, that are planted about Canada , who have made relation. That they are fo perfedt in the ufe of that fence , that they will diftinguifh between a Spaniard and abrench- Sdvnges manby the fent of the hand onely. And I am per- S&S5* fwaded , that the Author of this Relation has feene a Spaniard very probable reafons , that have induced him , o fromafrench Gf that opinion ; and I am the more willing to give

fS qf °the credit thereunto , becaufe I have obferved in thenS fo

hand , much,as that comes to. ■ . '■

I have feene a Deare patfeby me upon a neck ot Land, and a Salvage that has purfued him by theview.

I have accompanied him in this purluite ; and the Salvage, pricking the Deare, comes where hee Andes theview of two deares together,leading feveral wayes. One hee was fure, was fre(h,but which (by the fence ot

feeing) hee could not judge,therefore, with his knite,

fitedfjfhe hee diggs up the earth ot one ; and byfmelling , fayes, view of the, t]iat was not ofthe frefh Deare: then diggs hee up the other; and viewing and fmelling to that concludes 7 -tiled. itto be the view ot the frefh Deare , whichhee hfld

purfued, and thereby followes the chafe and killes that

Tfav Etiglip) Canaan. 49

Deare ] and I dideate part of it with him : fuchis their perfection in thefe two fences.

Cha?. XVI.

Of their acknowledgment of the Creation, y and im¬ mortality of the Soule .

ALthough thefe Salvages are found to be without Religion >Law, and King (as Sir William Alex¬ ander hath well obferved , ) yet are they not altoge¬ ther without the knowledge of God ( hiftorically } for "they have it amongft them by tradition , that God made one man and one woman5and bad them live to¬ gether , and get children , kill deare , beafts , birds, fifh , and fowle, and what they would at their pleafure; and that their pofterity was full of evill,and madeGod fo angry :that hee let in theSea upon them,& drowned the greateft part of them , that were naughty men5 ( the Lord deftroyed fo. )

1 j * nri 1 s c

And they went to Sanaconquam who feeds upon oftheslu1' them, pointing to the Center ;of the Earth : where vages.

' they imagine is the habitation of the Devill : ) the other, {'which were not deftroyed , ) increafed the world ; and when they died (becaufe they were good) went to rhe howfe of Kytan , pointing to thefetting of the fonne; where they eate all manner of dainties , and never take paines ( as now ) to provide it. The Som

Kytan makes provifion (they fay) and laves them cdedKjt'm, that laboure and there they lhall live with him forever

G

yo Nov Englijh Canaan'.

voyd of care. And they are perfwaded that Kytan' is hee that makes come growe , trees growe , and all manner ot fruits.

And that wee that ufe the booke of Common prayer, doo it to declare to them , that cannot reade, what Kytan has commaundedus , and that wee doe pray to him with the helpeofthat booke 5 and doe make fo much accomptofit , that a Salvage ( who had lived in my howfe before hee had taken a wife, by whomeheehadchildreu)made this requeft to mee ( knowing that I allw ayes ufed him with much more ASalvag! then others. ) That I would let his fonne

tSIfim be brought up in my howfe , that hee might be brought up taught to reade in that booke : which requelt of his ‘ £d . andheewasaveryjoyfuLl mantothinke, wnpryn] that his fonne Ihould thereby ( as hee faid ) become an Engliihman j and then hee would be a good

man.

Iafkedhimwho was a good man ; hisanfwere was , hee that would not lye , nor fteale.

Thefe , with them , are all the capital! crimes, that can be imagined ; all other are nothing in refpedfc ofthofe : and hee that is free from thefe , muft hve withKytan for ever , in all manner of

pleafure.

CHAF<

Englifh Canaan . jt

Chap* t XVII.

• • fi! * « ' ' * L . *•“ ? *

^ • t

Of their ^Annds and funerals ;

THefe people, that have by tradition feme touch of the immortality ofthe foule, have Iikewife a cu- ftome to make fome monument s,over the place where the corps is interred : But they put a greate difference ^ „

betwene perfbns of noble,and of ignoble , or obfeure, inbunyme, or inferior difeent. For indeed in thegrave ofthe more noble , they put a planck in the bottom for the corps to be layed upon; and on each fide a plancke , and a plancke upon the top in forme of a cheft , before they cover the place with earth. This done,they eredt feme x/j«v mm - thing over the grave in forme of a hearfe cloath , as *er of Ms* was that of Cheekatawbacks mother, which the Phm- mments « mouth planters defaced, becaufe they accounted it an adt offuperftition. Whichdidbreedeabrawleas hath bin before related : for they hold impious , and inhu¬ mane : to deface the monuments of the dead. They themfelvesefteemeofitaspiaculum, and have a cul- tome amongft them,to keepe their annals: Sc come at certaine times to lament , Sc bewaile the Ioffe of their At freind; Sc ufe to black their faces, which they fo weare they blacky 9 in dead of a mourning ornament fora longer ov ^heir faces* fhorter time , according to the dignity ofthe perfon: fo is their annals kept and obferved with their accu- ftomed folemnity. Afterwards theyablolutely aban¬ don the place,becaufe they fuppofe the fight thereof will but renew tbeir fbrrow.

G 2

It

yz New £nglifh Canaan*

It was a thing, very offenfi ve to them , at our firfi: comming into thole parts , to afkeof them for any one that had bin dead ; but oflater times it is not fo offenfively taken , to renew the memory ofany de- feafedperfon , becaufe by our example (which they are apt to followe ) it is made more familiare unto them; and they marvell to fee no monuments over ©urdead, and therefore thinke no great Sachem is yet come into thofe parts : or not as yetdeade, becaufe they fee the graves all alike.

Chap, XVIII. - Jr;

Of their Cujlome in burning the Country > and tht reafon thereof

THe Salvages are accuftomed , to fet fire of the Country in all places where they come; and to burne it, twize a yeare,vke at the Spring , and the fall of the leafe. Thereafon that mooves them to The Saha* doe fo , is becaufe it would other wife be fo over- ^Country6 growne with underweedes , ithat itwould be all a cop- miceayeare.pice wood, and the people would not be able in any wife to palfe through the Country out of a beaten path. \.r"

The meanes that they do it with, is with cer- taine minerall (tones , rhat they carry about them : in baggs made for that purpofe of the fkinnes of little beattes which they convert into good lcther; carry¬ ing in the lame a peece of touch wood (very excellent

New 'English Canaan,

forthat purpofe oftheir owne making. Thefe mi- nerall ftones they have fromthe Piquenteenes (which is to the Southward of all the plantations in NewEng- land ) by trade and trafficke with thofe people.

The burning of the grafte deftroyes the under¬ woods , and fo fcorcheth the elder trees , that it fhrinkes them, and hinders their grouth very much: So that hee that will looke to finde large trees , and good tymber, muft not depend upon the help , of a woodden profpedt to finde them on the upland ground $ but muft feeke for them , ( as I and others have done) in the lower grounds where the grounds are wett when the Country is fired : by reafon of the fnow water that remaines there for a time , untill the Sunne by continuance of th At hath exhaled the vapoures of the earth, and dried up thofe places , where the fire ( by reafon of the moifture ) can have no power to doe them any hurt 2 and if he would endevoure to finde out any goodly Cedars 3 hee muft not feeke for them on the higher grounds, but make his inqueft for them in the vallies , lor the Salvages by this Cuftome of theirs 5 have Ipoiled all the relt : for this cuftome hath bin continued from the beginninge.

And leaft their firing of the Country in this man¬ ner • fhould be an occafion of damnifying us , and in- daingering our habitations s wee our felves have ufed carefully about the fame times ; to obferve the winds and fire the grounds about our owne habitations, to prevent the Dammage that might happen by any ne¬ glect thereof , if the fire fhould come neere thole howfes in our abfence,

w'~ . G 3,- roS‘

Englijh caman.

For when the fire is once kindled *, it dilates and fnreads it felfe as well againft , as with the winde 5 bur¬ ning continually night and day^untill a (hewer of raine falls to quench it.

And this cuftome of firing the Country is the meanes to make it pallable , and by that meanes the tr^es growe here, and there as in our parks: and makes the Country very beautifull,and commodious.

Chap, XI X.

Of their inclination to Z)runkenneffe.

ALthough Drunkennefle be juftly termed a vice > which the Salvages are ignorant of, yet thebene- fit is very great, that comes to the planters by the fale offtrong liquor to the Salvages , who are much taken with the delight of it,forthey will pawne their wits , to purchafe the acquaintance of it , yet inal the comerce that 1 had with them, 1 never proffered them any fuch thing $nayl would hardly let any of them have a drame nnles hee were a Sachem, or a Winnaytue,that is a rich man , or a man of eftimation , next in degree to a Sa¬ chem , or Sagamore : lalwayes tould them it was a- mongft us the Sachems drinke. But they fay if I come to the Northerne parts ofthe Country,Ifhall have no trade, it I will not fupply the with lufty liquors, it is the life of the trade , in all thofe parts, for it lb happened, that thus a Salvage defperately killed himfelfe , when hee was dmnke , a gunne being charged and the cock up, hee lets the mouth to his breft , and putting back

the tricker with his foote.fhot himfelfe dead,

CHAP.

'English Canaan.

jy

Chap. XX.

That the S drudges liqje a contended life i

A Gentleman and axtraveller, that had bin in the' parts of NewEngland for a time,when hee retor- ned againe in his difconrle of the Country, wondered (as hee laid , ) that the natives of the land lived lo poorely , in fo rich a Country , like to our Beggers in England : Surely that Gentleman had not time or leafure whiles hee was there , truely to informe himlelfeofthe ftateofthat Country, and the happy life theSalvages would leade weare they once brought to Chriftianity. TheSalvagt

Imuft confefle they want the ufe‘ and benefit of want thean Navigation ( which is the very finnus of a flourifhing °fnm&mon* Commonwealth , ) yet are they fupplied with all manner of needefull things , for the maintenance of life and lifelyhood, Foode and rayment are the chcife of all that we make true ufe of ; and of thefe they finde no want, but have, and may have, them in a raoft plen- tifull manner.

Ifour beggers of England fhould with lb much eale ( as they , ) lurnifh themlelves with foode , at all feafons, there would not be lo many ftarved in the ftreets , neither would fo many gaoles be fluffed 9 or galloufes furniihed with poore wretches, as 1 have feenethem,.

But

■ . New Englifh Cana tin: _

But they of this fort of our owne nation , that are fit* to goe to this Canaan are not able to tranfport themfelves , and moft of them unwilling to goe from the good ale tap j which is the very loadftoncof the lande by which our Englifh beggers fteere theire Courfe : it is the Northpole to which the flowre - de - luce of their compalfe points ; the more is the pitty that the Commonalty ofoure Land are of fuch leaden capacities , as to negled fo brave a Country , that doth fo plentifully feede Maine lufty and a brave, able men , women , and children that have not the meanes that a Civilized Nation hath to purchale foode andrayment: which that Country with a little induftry : will yeeld a man in a very comfortable mea- fure ; without overmuch carking.

I cannot deny but a civilized Nation , hath the preheminence of an uncivilized , by meanes of thole inftruments that are found to be common amongft .civile people , and the uncivile want the ufe of, to make themfelves matters of thofe ornaments , that make fuch a glorious fhew, that will give a man occa- fion to cry ftc tranfit gloria Mundi.

Now iince it is but foode and rayment that men that live needeth (though not all alike , ) why fhouldnot the Natives of New England be layd to live richly having no want of either: Cloaths are the badge of finne , and the more variety offafhioiis is but the greater abufe of the Creature , the beaftsofthe forreft there doe lerve to furnith them at any time, when they pleafe : fiih andflefh they have in greate .abundance which they both roaft and boyle.

English Camm* jy

They are indeed not lerved in difhes of plate with variety of Sauces to procure appetite , that needs ' not there. The rarity of the aire begot by the me- dicinable quality of the fweere herbes of the Country, alwayes procures good ltomakes to the inha¬ bitants. i

I muft needs commend them in this particular* that though they buy many commodities of our Nation 5 yet they keepe but fewe > and thole of fpeciall ule.

They love not to bee cumbered with many uten- lilies , and although every proprietor knowes his owne, yet all things ( fo long as they will laft , ) are uled in common amongft them : A bifket cake given to one $ that one breakes; it equally into fo many parts , as there be perfons in his company , and diftributes it. Platoes Commonwealth is fo much pradtifed by thefe people. , ;

According to humane reafon guided onely by the light of nature, thefe people leades the more hap- py and freer life , being ypyde,of care, which torments bang vo/d &f, themindesoffo many Chriltians ; They are not de- ca7e* lighted in baubles, butin ulefull things.-

Their naturall drinke is of the Criftall fountaine^ and this they take up?in their hands,- by joyning them clofe together. They take up a great quantity at a time, and drinke atfthe wrifts , It was rhe fight of fuch a feate , which made Diogenes hurle away his dilhe , and like one that would have this principal! confirmed, fnucts contented ^ uled a difhno

more,

H I have

They ml$ ufe of ordi¬ nary thing one of an¬ other: as §ommen.

jg . Effglifh CdtfMti.

I have obferved that they will not be troubled with iuperfluous commodities* Such things as they finde , they are taught by neceffity to make ufe of. they will make choife of ; and feeke to purchafe with induftry fo that in refpedt , that their life is fo voyd of care, and they are fo loving alfo that they make ufe ofthofe things they enjoy ( the wife onely excepted) , as common goods , and are therein, fo compaffionate that rather than one ihould ftarve through want , they would ftarve all, thus doe they paffe away the time merrily , not regarding our pompe ( which they fee dayly before their faces ) but are better con¬ tent with their owne , which fome men efteeme fo

They may be rather accompted to live richly, wanting nothing that is needefull ,-and to be commen¬ ded for leading a contented life , the younger being ruled by theElder,and the Elder ruled by thePowahs, and the Powahs are ruled by the Devill , and then you may imagiu whatgood rule is like to be amongft . none or noui ■ them.

F I K. I

yd < z'oci&il ifSfb uptpi ! •"

t •, v . • i - - .i* I * ‘ 1 v X * ' i j

•» > J i n* >4 * ♦ : * * ' ^ ‘ 1 * - ' ’ “

Q , 1 * * , , »

: • -j;. . n ■ ' • ' . •' ■

NEW

59

NEW ENGLISH CANAAN,

OR NEW CANAAN.

The fccond 2?ookf.

Containing a defcription of the bew- ty of the Country with her natu- rail indowements , both in the Land and Sea , with the great Lake ofErocoife.

Chap. I.

The gene*" all Surrey of the Country.

N the Moneth of Iune,

Anno Salutis : 1622. It was ray chaunce to arrive in the parts of New England with 30. Servants^and provifion of all forts fit for a planta¬ tion : And whiles our howfes were building > I did indeavour to take a furvey of the

H 2 Conn-

go New TLngltfh Canaan:

Country : The more I looked , the more I liked it.’ >' flmrn And when 1 had moreferioufly confidered,ofthe

county. kewty Df tiie piace } with all her faire indowments , I did not thinke that in all the knowne worldit could be paralel’d. For fo many goodly greues of treesjdainty . . fine round riling hillucks : delicate faire large plainest ImL ITZ fiveete criftall fountaines.-and cleare running ftreames, cleave as that twine in fine meanders through the meads , ma- Criftall. pjUg fQ fweete a murmering noile to heare , as would even lull the fences with delight aileepe , fo pleafantly doe , they glide upon the pebble Hones , jetting moll jocundly where they doe mecte - and hand in hand runne downe to Neptunes Court , to pay the yearely tribute , which they owe to him as foveraigne Lord of all tire fprings. Contained within the volume of the Create ft ore Land , Fowles in abundance , Fifh in multitude , and <ffotvle>,fiJb jjfcovered befides j Millions of Turtledoves one

dotes!™ 6 the greene boughes : which fate pecking, ofthe full ripe pleafant grapes , that were fupported by the lufty trees , whole fruitfull loade did caule the armes to bend , which here and there' difperfed ( you might fee ) Lillies and of the Daphnean-tree , which made the Land to mee leeme paradice , for in mine eie, t’was Natures Mafter-peece : Her cheifeft Magazine of all , where lives her ftore : if this Land be not rich, then is the whole world poore.

W hat 1 had refolved on , 1 have really performed, and 1 have endeavoured, to ufe this abftradt as an in- ftrument , to bee t he meanes , to communicate the knowledge which I have gathered , by my many yeares relidence in thofe parcs,unto my Countrymen, . . : * . ” to

%(ew T.nglifb Canaan. si

to the end , that they may the better perceive their error, who cannot imagine 5 that there is any Country in the univerlall world , which may be compared unto our native foyle , I will now difcover unto them a Country whole indowments are by learned men al¬ lowed to ftand in a paralell with the Ifraelites Canaan, which none will deny, to be a land farre more excel¬ lent then Old England in her proper nature.

T his I confider I am bound in duety (as becommeth a Chriftian man ) to performe, for the glory of God,in the firft place; next (according to Cicero, ) toacknow- ledge that, I lion nobis folum nati ftmtu ,fed partim pa- tria ipartimparentcs, partim amid vindicant.

For which caufelmuft approove of the indea-. voures of my Country men , that have bin ftudious to inlarge the territories of his Majefties empire by plan¬ ting Coloines in America*

And of all other I muft applaude the judgement of thole that have made choife of this part ( whereof I now treat) being of all other molt abfolute , as I will make it appeare , hereafter by way of paralell, among thofe that have letled themfelvs in newEngland,forae have gone for their confcience fake, (as they profelfe) & I with that they may plant theGofpel of lefusChrilb as becommeth them,fincerely and without latiline or faction , whatfoever their former- or prelent pradtiles are(whichl intend not to juftifie,howlbever they have deferved (in mine opinion) fomecommendationes, inthat theyhave furnilhed the Country , lo commo- dioully in fo fhort a time , although it hath bin but for their owne profit, yet pofterity will tafte the fv/eetncs of it; and that very fodainly.

And

t.Oafa

%. Afhe, J. Elrrtr,

52> Ar^ £nglifh Canaan,

And fince my taf ke in this part of mine abftradt, is to intreat of the naturall indowments , of the Coun¬ try , I will make a breife demonftration of them in or¬ der, feverally, according to their feverall qualities: and fhew you what they are , and what profitable ufe may be made of them by induftry.

Chap. II.

trees tire there and hoyy commodious.

OAkes are there of two forts , white and redd, ex¬ cellent tymber for the building, both of howfes, and dipping : and they are found to be a tymber , that is more tough then the oak of England. They are excellent for pipe-ftaves and fuch like veffels ; and pipe-ftaves at the Canary Hands are a prime commo¬ dity 5I have knowne them there at 35, p. the zooo.and will purchafe a fraight of wines there before any commodity in England, their onely wood being pine, of which they* ’are enforced, alfo to build fhippinge: of oackes there is great abundance in the parts ofNew England , and they may have a prime place in the Ca¬ talogue of commodities,

Afhe there is ftore and very good for ftaves, oares or pikes, and may have a place in the fame Ca¬ talogue.

Elme : of this fort of trees , there are fome $ but there hath not as yet bin found any quantity to fpeake of* ’

Beech

Hew English Canaan.

Beech there is of two forts , redd and white very ^ Beech; excellent for trenchers , or chaires and alfo for oares and may be accompted for a commodity*

Wallnut, of this forte of wood there is infinite fJWtllnM, ftore and there are 4. forts , it is an excellent wood, for many ufes approoved , the younger trees are im- ployed for hoopes , and are the beft for that imploye- ment of all other ftuffe whatfoever, the Nutts forve when they fall to feede ourfwine, which make them the delicateft bacon of all other foode , and is therein a cheife commodity.

Cheftnutt , of this forte there ] is very greate 6£hettms, plenty $ the tymber whereof is excellent for building and is a very good commodity, efpecially in relpedt of thefruir, both for man and beaft.

Pine, of this forte there is infinite ftore in fome 7- parts of the Country. 1 have travelled 1 o. miles to¬ gether, where is little , or no other wood growing.

And ofthefe may be made rofin, pitch, and tarre, which are fuch uleiull commodities, that if wee had them not from other Countries in Amity with Eng¬ land , our Navigation would decline. Then how great the commodity of it will be to our Nation, to have it of our owne , let any man judge.

Cedar , of this forte there is abundaunce ; and this ^ wood was fuch as Salomon ufed for the building of that glorious Temple at Hierufalem, and there are of thefeCedars,firre trees, and other materialls necef* fery for the building of many faire Temples , if there were any Salomons to be at the Coft of them , and if any man be defirous to finde out in what part of the t Coun-

Cypres.

<54 ' New BnglijhCanam

Country thebeft Cedars are „ he muft get into the bottom grounds , and in vallies that are wet at the fpring of the yeare , where the moifture prefer ves them from the fire in fpring time and not in a wood- den. profpetft , This wood cutts red , and is good for bed Reads tables and chefts , and may be placed m the

Catalogueof Commodities,

Cypres, of this there is great plenty, and vul- o-arly this tree hath bin taken , for another fort of Ce¬ dar • but workemen put a difference betvveene this Cypres , and the Cedar , efpecially in the colour for this is white and that redd white and likewifein the finenes of the leafe and the fmoothnes of the barque. This wood is alfo fweeter then Cedar and fas it is in Garrets herball ) a more bewtifull treejit is of all other > to my rninde, moft bewtifull, and cannot be denied to

paffe for aeommodity.

r Spruce, of thefe there are infinite ftore,efpeciaIly in the Northerne parts of the Country : and they have bin approoved by workemen in England , to be more tough, , then thofe that they have out of the eaft country : from whence wee have them for malts

and yards of ihipppes. . .

The Spruce The Spruce of this country are found to be 3* shts Coun-^ d' fadum about : and are reputed able fingle,, to

X3S4. make malts for the biggeftftip, that %les on the fidum maine Ocean , without peeling, which is more than

the Eaft country can afford. And feeing that Navi¬ gation is the very, finneus of a flourifhing Common¬ wealth 5 it is fitting, to allow the Spruce tree a priuci- pall place , in the Catalogue of commodities.

2\g\V English Cdrtdittt,

Alder , of ths forte there is plenty by rivers fides rl# AU&tf good for turners.

Birch, ofthis there is plenty in divers parts of i2.b#V^ the Country. Of the barck of thefe the Salvages of the Northerne parts make them delicate Canowes, fo light , that two men will tranfport one of them over Land whether they lift 5 and yet one of them ' will tranfporte tenne or tvvelffe Salvages by water at a time.

Mayple ? of thofe trees there is greats ahun- dance , and thefe are very excellent, for bowles. The Indians ufe of it to that purpofe , and is to be accomp- ted a good commodity.

Elderne , there is plenty in that Country , ofthis j 4 The Salvages make their Arrowes, and it hath no * ftrong unfavery fentlike our Eldern in England.

Hawthorne , ofthis there is two forts , one of ^ which beares a well rafting berry , as bigg as ones thorns , thumbe , and lookeslike little Queene apples, .

Vines , of this kinde of trees 5 there are I($t Vint,i that beare grapes of three colours , that is to fay : white , black , and red.

The Country is fo apt for vines, that ( but for the fire atthefpringoftheyeare) the vineawould fo over fpreade the land , that one fhould not be; able to pafle for them , the fruit is as bigg of forae; as a muf ket bullet, and is excellent in tafte.

Plumtrees, ofthis kinde there are many ; lome:i>p/tt??Wi that beare fruit as bigg as our ordinary bulks : others, there be, that doe beare fruite much bigger than peare pitmimeSj their colour redd- and their (tones flat, very delirious in tafte, L Cherry-

66 New £ngli[b Canaan,

if kCbmm Cheritrees , there are abundance , but the fruit is

as final! as our floes,but if any of them were replanted, & grafted, in an orchard they would foone be raifed by meanes of fuch and the like fruits.

1 9 itigps. There is greate abundance of Mill ke Rofes in di¬

vers places : the water diftilled excelleth our Rofewa- ter of England.,

20 Stfftfr*.* There is abundance af Saffafras and Sarfaperilla,

zi Sorfa- growing in divers places of the land 5 whofe budds at prills ‘the fpring doe perfume the aire.

Other trees there are not greatly materiall to be recited in this abftradt , as goofe berries, rafberies,

and other beries. ■

There is Hempe that naturally groweth , finer ,

then our Hempc of England, ^ J I

C H A P.^ III.

,, * *r' i ' 1

f ottbearbcs and other herbes forSallets.

nPHe Country there naturally affordeth very good

* potherbes and fallet herbes and thofe of a more

mafkuline vertue then any of the fame fpecies in

England ,• as Potmarioram , Tyme , Alexander,

AlexJer, ’ Angellica, Purlland, Violets , and Annifeeds , m very

Angelika , „reat abundance : and forthe pott I gathered in fum-

v,'feP mer, dried and crumbled intoabagg toprefervefor

Anni - winter ftore, feeds ,

Hunni-

New Ettglifh Canaan, cj

Hunnifuckles , balme , and divers other good Hmmi- herbesare there, that grow without the induftry offices M man, that are ufed when occafion ferveth very com- modioufly,

C H A P. IV.

%

w ” » ' — *

t

Of Birds y dndfetheredfoyples.

NOw that I have breifly (hewed the Commodity of the trees, herbes, and fruits. I will (hew you a defeription of the fowles of the aire , as moft proper in ordinary courfe.

And firft of the S wanne , becaufe fhee is the big- Swctnnes, geft of all the fowles of that Country. There are of them in Merrimack River, and in other parts of the country > greate ftore at the feafons of the yeare.

Theflefhis not muchdeliredofthe inhabitants, but the f kinnes may be accompted a commodity , fitt for divers ufes , both for fethers , and quiles.

There are Geefe of three forts vize brant Geefe, Gr which are pide, and white Geefe which are bigger, and white, and gray Geefe which are as bigg and bigger then the tame Geefe of England, with black legges,black bills, heads, and necks black $the flefh farre more excellent, then the Geefe of England, wilde or tame, yet the pu» vity of the aire is fuch , that the biggeft is accompted but an indifferent meale for a couple of men. There is ofthem great abundance. I have had often 1000. before the mouth of mygunne, I never faw any in

I 2 Eng-

6g N?tv Englifh Canaa/K

England for my part fo fatt , as 1 have killed there in thofe parts, the tethers of them makesabedd , lofter then any down bed that 1 have ly en on : and is there a F ethers pay very good commodity , the fethers of the Geefe that for point her { have killed in a fhort time , have paid for all the pow- andfhott. t|ier anc] Q10tt , I have (pent in a yeare , and I have

fed my doggs with as fatt Geefe there, as 1 have euer fed upon my felfe in England.

Ducks fide. Ducks , there are of three kindes , pide Ducks, graj^ black, gray Ducks , and black Ducks in greate abundance :

the moft about my habitation were black Ducks : and it was a noted Cuftcme at my howfe, to have every mans Duck upon a trencher, and then you will thinke a man was not hardly ufed , they are bigger boddied, then the tame Ducks of England : very fatt and dain¬ ty ntiiu

The common doggs fees were the gibletts , utx- lefle they were boyled now and than for to make breath. * .

Talcs green* Teales , there are of two forts greene winged, and and blew, blew winged : but a dainty bird , 1 have bin much delighted with a toft of thefe for a fecond courfe,! had plenty in the rivers and ponds ab vat my howfe. Widggens. Widggens there are , and abundance of other water foule , fome.fuch as I have feene , and fuchas I have not ieene elfe where, betore 1 came into thofe parts, which are little regarded,

$inizeSt bimpes, there are like our Simpes in ail refpe&:s,

with very licle differenced have ihot at them onely,to fee what difference 1 could finde betweene them and and thofe of ray native Country , and more I did not regard them, Sam*

Bnglifh Canaan. ,

Sanderlings are a dainty bird , more full bod- sanMwgs died than a Smpe , and I was much delighted to feedeoathein , became they were fact 5 and eafie to come by > becaufe l went bat a ftepp or to for them: and l have killed betvveene fcure and Eve dozen at a {hoot which would loade me home.

Their foode is at ebbing water onthefands, of Traall feeds , that grows on.weeds there 3 and are very good paftime in Auguit.

Cranes , there are greate {lore , that ever more Cram, came there atS. Davids day, and not before: that day theynever would miffe.

Thefe fometimes eate our come , and doe pay for their prefumption well enough • and ferveth there in powther 5 with turnips to fupply the place ofpow- therecl beere , and is a goodly bird in a difhe 3 and no dilcommodity.

Turkies there are , which divers times in great Tu7^e^' flocks have Tallied by our doores 5 and then a gunne ( being commonly in a redineffe , ) faiutes them with fuch a courtelie , as makes them take a turnein the Cooke roome. They daunce by the doore fo well.

Of thefe there hath bin kilied^that haye weighed forty eight pound a pcece.

They are 'by mainy degrees fweeter then the tame Turkies of England , leede them how you can,.

1 had a Salvage who hath taken out his boy in a morning , and th y have brought home their loades about nocne,

I 3 I havee

70

Pheifants.

Partridges

Eftglifh CanWK

I have af ked them what number they found in the woods , who have anfwered Neent Metawna, which is a thofand that day ; the plenty of the mis fuch in thofe parts. They are eafily killed at roofte, becaufetheonebeingkilledjtheother fit faft never- the lefle>and this is no bad commodity.

T here are a kinde of fowles which are common¬ ly called Pheifants , but whether they be pheyfants or no, f will not take uponmee, to determine. They are in forme like our pheifant henne of England. Both the male and the f emale are alike • but they are rough footed • and have ftareing fethers about the head and neck, the body is as bigg as the pheyiant henne ofEng~ land* and are excellent white flerh , and delicate white meate,yet we feldome beftowe a (hoot at them.

Partridges, there are much,like our Partridgesof

i UI - - — o - * - ** O

liggermbo-v ngland . they are of the fame plumes , but bigger

dyai thofe of . ^ _ /: _ t*^i — 1, — _

iwlLt ^ in bodY- They have not the figne of the horfefhoe on 'b ‘ the breft as the Partridges of England ; nor are they coloured about the heads as thofe are ,- they fit on the trees. For I have feene 40. in one tree at a time : yet at night they fall on the ground, and fit untill mor¬ ning fo together;and are dainty .flefh.

, - There are quailes alfo , but bigger then the

quailes in England. They take trees alio : for I have astbofein numbered 60. upon a tree at atime. The cocks doe England. callat t|ie tjme t]ie yeare> but with a different note

from the cock quailes of England. , , , ' '-'S.

T be Larkcs The Larkes there , are like our Larkes of Eng¬

land in all relpeds : failing that they doe not ufe to

fing not.

ling at all.

There

I

English Cam ah. 7r

There are Owles of divers kindes : but I did ne- Owles. ver heare any of them whop as ours doe.

There are Crowes , kights and rooks that doe r;je Crowes differ in fbme refpedts from thofe of England , Th tfmett & taft Crowes ( which I have much admired , what fhould °fMufh m be the caufe ) both fmell and tafte of Mufke in fum -m^wintet mer , but not in winter .

There are Hawkes in New England of y. forts, Hawke* of and thefe of all other fether fowles I muft not omitt, flue farts, to fpeake of , nor neede I to make any Apology for myfelfe, concerning any trefpaffe, that lam like to make upon my judgement , concerning the nature of them , having bin bred in fo genious a way, that I had the common ufe of them in England : and at my firft arrivall in thofe parts pra&ifed to take a Lannaret, A i4nmgft which I reclaimed , trained , and made flying in a fortnight , the fame being a pallinger at Michuel- mas. I found that thefe are moft excellent Mettell, rank winged , well conditioned , and not tickleifh Footed , and having whoods,bels , luers, and all things fitting, was defirous to make experiment of that kinde of Hawke , before any other.

And I am perfwaded : thatNaturehath ordained them to be of a rarre better kinde , then any that have bin ufed in England. They have neither dorre, nor worme to feed upon ( as in other parts of the world ) the Country affording none , the ufe whereof in other parts , makes the Lannars there more buffardly > then they be in New England.

There are li'^ewifeFawcons , and taffell gentles, Famnsl admirable well (haped birds , and they will tower up

when *

' y y Englifh Ciirtdan]

when they purpoleto pray , and on a fodaine, when they eflpie their game, they will make fuch a cancel- . , leve , that one would admire to behold them, Some there are more black, then any that have bin ufed in England.

The Taffeil gent , ( but of the ieaftfize ) is an ornament for a perfbn of eftimation among the In¬ dians to weare in the knot of his lock, with the traine upright , the body dried and ftretched out. They take a great pride in the wearing of luch an ornament, and give to one of us ( that fhall kill them one for that purpofe ) fo much beaver as is worth three pounds ilcrling very willingly.

Thefe doe us but little trefpas , becaufe they pray on fuch birds as are by the Sea fide, and not on our Chickens. Gofhawkes there are, and Taffels.

The Taffels are fhort miffed buflards ; butthe vMflMpcd Gofhawkes are well Taped , but they are finall j fome of white male, and fome redd male, Ihavefeene one with 8. barres in the traine. Thefe fall on our big¬ ger poultry : the leffer chicken. I thinke they fcorne to make their pray of } for commonly the Cocke .roes to wrack. Of thefe I have feene many , and if they come to trefpaffe me, 1 lay the law to them with the guune , and take them dammage fefant.

There are very many Marlins ; fome very finall, and fome fo large as is the Barbary Taffeil.

I have often beheld . theft pretty birds , how they have fcoured after the black bird , which is a final! feed Choffe that eateth the Indian maifze.

Sparhawkes there are alfo , the faireft , and • - ' , beft.

'Marlins Jinall and greats*

SpArhwkes •

2^£\v English Cam An, 73

beft lhaped birds that I have ever beheld of that kinde, thofe that are litle , no ufe is made of any of them, nei¬ ther are they regarded, I onely tried conclulions with a Lannaret at firft comming $ and when I found , what was in that bird , I turned him going : but for fo much asl have oblerved of thofe birds, they maybe afitt prefent for a prince $ and for goodnefle too be preferred before the Barbary , or any other uled in Chriftendome , and efpecially die Lannars and JLan- narets*

There is a curious bird to fee to , called a hun- ^ ning bird , no bigger then a great Beetle 5 that out 01 frail as a queftion lives upon the Bee, which heeeateth and catcheth amongft Flowers : For it is his Cuftome to needle frequent thole places , Flowers hee cannot feed upon feint, and his by reafon of his fharp bill, which is like the poynt of a ^ Spannifh needle, but Ihorte. His fet hers have a glalfe^ like filke , and as hee ftirres, they fhewtobeofa chaingable coloure : and has bin 5 and is admired for lhape coloure , and lize.

/ • • t

^1 - 1 * * • " : t; ’

Chap. V. ) -*•

0 ! ’ 1 • ■ " - •• "/ . " ‘ 1 * % * i

Of tie Beafts , of tie forref .

NOw that I have made a rehearlall of the birds, and fethered Fowles, which participate moll of ai re,

I will give you a defeription of the beafts, and Ihew you , what beafts are bred in thole parts , and what my experience hath gathered , by obfervation of

K / their

Deareof$.

kindes9

74 New £nglifh Canaan.

the ir kinde, and nature, I begin with the mod ufefull and raoft beneficial! beaft , which is bredd in thofe parts, which is the Deare.

T here are in this Country , three kindes of Deare; of which there are greate plenty , and thofe are very ufelull.

Mofe or Red Firft, therefore I will fpeake of the Elke , which

dme. the Salvages call a Mofe : it is a very large Deare, with a very faire head , and a broade palme , like the palmeof a fallow Deares home;, but much bigger, and is 6. footewide betweene the tipps , which grow curbing downwards : Hee is of the bignefle of a great horfe.

Mofe or There have bia of them, feenethat has bin 18.

dm/hwfc handfulls highe : hee hath a bunch of haire under his the height of fa wes : hee is not fwifte , but ftronge and large in them i g. boc|y ? ancj iQnge legged in fomuch that hee doth ufe m fu es. kneele, when hee feedethon grafle.

T hey bnnge Hee bringeth forth three faunes, or younge ones,

firth three at a time- and being made tame , would be good for itm.Sat°ne draught j and more ufefull (by reafon of their ttrength) then the Elke of Raufhea. Thefe are found very frequent , in the northerne parts of New England, their flefh is very good foode , and much better then our redd Deare of England. - ^ ;

They make Their hids are by the Salyages converted into good lether of very good lether , and drcfled as white as milke. DmfSS Q f this lether3the Salvages make the beft (hooes^

and ufe to barter away the f kinnes to other Salvages, that have none of that kinde of befts in the parts where they live. Very goodbuffe may be made of the

s * hids©

Tfy'to ’English Canaa#. 7 y

hids , I have feene a hide as large as any horfe hide that can be found. There ivluch abundance of them that the Salvages, at hunting time, have killed of them lo many, that they have bellowed fix or feaven at a time, upon one Englith man whome they have borne affedlion to. '

There is a fecond fort of Deare ( leflfe then the The nidiin redd Deare of England, but much bigger then the Deare orfal Englifh fallow Deare ) fwiftoffoote , butofamore^Dwr<?* darke coloure - with lome grileld heares. When his coate is full growne in the fummer feafon , his homes grow curving , with a croked beame , relembling our redd Deare, notwithapalmelike the fallow Deare.

Thefebringe 3. fawnes at a time , fpotted like our fallow Deares fawnes ; the Salvages fay, foure,

I fpeake of what I know to be true ; for I have killed, in February a doe with three fawnes in her belly , all heared , and ready to fall • for thefe Deare fall their fawnes , 2. moneths fooner ; then tlie fallow Deare of England.. There is fuch abundance of them, that ah hundred have bin found at the Ipring of the yeare , within the compafle of a mile.

The Salvages take thefein trappes made of their r naturall Hempe, which they place in the earth; where catch the they fell a tree for browfe, and when hee rounds thcDme* ^ tree for the browfe > if hee tread on the trapp , hee is horfedup by the legg, by meanes of a pole that ftarts up, and catcheth him.

T heir hides the Saluages ufe for cloathing , and will give for one hide killed in feafon 2 . 3 .or 4. beaver fkinnes, which will yeild pounds a peece iu thatCoun-

K. 2 try?

rj$ Nttv Mnglijh

• try : fo much is the Deares hide prifed with them above the beaver. I have made good merchandize of thefe , the flefh is farre fweeter then the venifon of England •. and hee feedeth tatt and leane together as a fwine,or mutton, where as ourDeare of England feede fatt on the out fide , they doe not croake at rutting time.norlpendle fhafte , nor is their flefh difcolored at rutting.Hee that will impale ground fitting, may be brought once in the yeare , wherewith bats and men heemay take fo many toputintothat parke , as the hides will pay the chardge ofimpaleinge , If all thefe things be well confidered , the Deare , as well as the Mofe,may have a principal! place in the catalogue of commodities.

I for my part may be bould to tell you , that my toiiST howfe,was not without the flefh of this fort of Deare, ioggsfee. winter nor fummer, the humbles was ever my dogges fee , which by the wefell , was hanged on the barre in intheChimny, for his diet only: for hee has brought to my ftand a brace in a morning, one after die other,

before ftinne riling', which I have killed..

There is likewife,a third forte ofdeare,lefle then the luck> «i other, (which are a kinde of rayne deare) to the fouth- g^ne war(j ot-aii the Englifh plantations , they are excellent

good flefh. And thefe alfo bring three fawnes at a time , and in this particular the Deare of thofe parts, ’excell all the knowne Deare of the whole world.

,, On all thefe the Wolfes doepray continually,

Zm Deare. the belt meanes they have (to efcape the wolfes is by J fwimnaing to Iflands , or necks of land , whereby

. , - 't X ’ they

Wew Englifh Can <t at)} jy

theyefcape : for the wolfe will not prefume to follow them, untill they fee them over a river ; then being landed, (they wayting on the fhore) undertake the wa¬ ter , and fo follow with freih fuite.

The next in mine opinion fit to be fpoaken of, is Beaver* the Beaver ,• which is a Beaft ordained , for land and water both,and hath fore feete like a cunny,herhinder feete like a goefe , mouthed like a cunny, but fhort ea¬ red like a Serat , fifhe in fummer , and wood In winter, which hee conveyes to his howfe built on the water,, wherein hee fitts with his tayle hanging in the water, which elfe would over heate and rot off.

Hee cuts the bodies of trees downe with his fore- 7^ leavers teeth, which are fo long as a boares tufkes,& with the cut dome help of other beaversfwhich held by each others tayles hn

like a teeme or horlesjthe hind moft with the legg on his fhoulder ftayed by one of his fore feete againft his head) they draw the logg to the habitation appoynted, placing the loggs in a iquare , andfobypylingone uppon another , they buildup a howfe , which with boghes is covered very ftrongly , and placed in fome pond to which they make a damme of brufh wood like a hedge : fo ftronge , that I have gone on the top of it croffe the current of that pond. The fleih of this beaft is excellent fbode. The fleece is a very choife furre, which (before the Salvages had commerce with Chriftians ) they burned of the tayle, this beaft is of a mafculine vertue for the advancement of Priapus: and is preferved for a difh for the Sachems, or Sagamores; who are the princes of the people but not Kings (as is fondlyfuppofed. )

The.

K 3

Vfett EugUfh Cmm*.

Beaver at The f kinfles are the beft marchantable coramo-1

io. pm, c]ity , that can be found , to cauie ready mony to be a pmd. jnco t[ie land, now that they are raifed to i o.

i» f yearn fhilllngs a pound.

<m*hnS*t A fervant ofraine in j\ye ares, was thought to have

3000. f.in a iooo. p. in ready gold gotten by beaver when hee good gold, . w[iatfoever became of it. A nd this beaft may

challenge preheminence in the Catalogue.

The otter in X he Otter of thole parts , in winter lealbn hath

Vfutle a?1* a ^urre black as jett » ar)d 's a furre of very highe

blKkMiett price : a good black fkinneis worth 3. or 4. Angels of gold. The Flefh is eaten by the Salvages : but how good it is 1 cannot fhew , becaufe it is not eaten by our Nation. Yetis this a beaft , that ought to be placed in the number amongft the Commodities of the Country.

TheLuferan, orLuferet, is a beaft like a Catt : l im es T but fo bigg as a great hound: with a tayle fhorter then hound, a Catt. His clawes are like a Catts, Hee will make a pray of the Deare. His Flefh is dainty meat , like a lambe : his hide is a choife furre , and aecoropted a

good commodity.

M . The Martin is a beaft about the bignes, of a Foxe.

abeuTlhT His furre is cheftnutt coloure , and of thofe there ate

8

UgneJJe cf a greateftore in the Northerne parts of the Country, Fox- and is a good commodity. ' :

The Racowne is a beaft as bigg , full out , as a j \<tco0n*. poxe5 with a Bulhtayle. His Flelh excellent foodfc :

his oyle precious for the Syattica, his furre courle,but the 1 kinncs ferve the Salvages for coats : and is with

thofe people of more efteeme, then a coate of beaver,

becaufe

New 'Englifh Cam*#. fg

becaufe of the tayles that ( hanging round in their or¬ der ) doe adorne the garment , and is therefore fo much efteemed of them. His fore feete are like the feeteofanapes and by the print thereof , in the time offnow,he is followed to his hole , which is common¬ ly in a hollow tree, from whence hee is fiered out, and laotken.

The Foxes are of two coloures : the one redd, j^e poxes the other gray, thefe feede on fifh- and are good furre, red and gray, they doe not ftinke, as the Foxes of England, bnt their condition for their pray , is as the Foxes of Ene » land. S

The Wolfes are of divers coloures : feme fendy jjje Wolfts coloured :fome grifeiled , and fome black , their foode °fdiverfi is fifh which they catch, when they paffe up the ri vers, colomft into the ponds to fpawne , at the fpring time. The Deare are alfo their pray , and at fummer , when they have whelpes , the bitch will fetch a puppy dogg from ourdores, to feede their whelpes with. They are fearefull Curres , and will runne away from a man (that meeteth them by chaunce at a banke end ) as faft as any fearefull dogge. Thefe pray upon the Deare very much. The f kinnes are ufed by the Salvages, efpecially thefkinne of the black wolfe , which is elteemed a prefent for a prince there.

When there arifeth any difference betweene fhjfy# of a prince , and prince, the prince that defires to be re- black wife , conciled to his neighbouring prince does endeavour a topurchafe it , by fending him a black wolfes fkinne a?mc** for a prelent , and the acceptance of fuch a prefent is an aflnrance of reconciliation betweene themi and the

Sal0;

g0 New EngUfh Canaan]

Salvageswill willingly give 40. beaver f kinnes for the purchafe of one of thefe blackWolfes fkinnes.’and all* though the beaft himfelfe be adifcommodity , which other Countries of Chriftendome are fubjedi unto, yet is the fkinne of the black wolfe worthy , the title of a commodity , in that refped that hath bin de- dared*

If I (hould not fpeake fomething of the beare , I might happily leave a fcruple, inthe mindes of fome mn. effeminate perfone who conceaved or moredamger in them , then there is caufe. Therefore to incou¬ rage them againft all Feare, and Fortifie their mindes againft needles danger , 1 will relate what experience hath taught mee • concerning them , they are beafts that doe no harme in thofe parts : they feede upon Hurtleburies, Nuts, andFifh ,efpecially ihellfifo.

The Beare is a tyrant at a Lobfter , and at low water will downe to the Rocks, and groape after them with great diligence.

tbeSdvaves Flee will runne away from a man as faft as a litle

fedng a beare dogge , If a couple of Salvages chaunce to efpie him chafe fom at banquet , his running a way , will not ferve his

2 kt&. t time, for they will coate him^nd chafe him betweene them home to theire howles , where they kill him , to fave a laboiire in carrying him farre. His Flefh is

efteemed venifon , and of a better tafte then beefe.

His hide is ufed by the Salvages , for garments, and is more commodious than difcommodious , and may pafle ( with fome allowance ) with the reft.

Muffa The Muf ke waffle , is a beaft that frequenteth

the ponds. What hee eats I cannot findy. Hee is * but

Englifh Can dan* Sz

but a /mail beaft3 leffe then a Cuhny , and is indeede in thofe parts no other then a water Ratte , for I have • ! . feene the fuckers of them digged cutofabanke;and at that age 3 they neither diff ered in lhape coloure,nor fize,fromoneoiourgreate Ratts, Whenheeis ould, hee is of the Beavers colour and hath palfed in waite with our Chapmen for Beaver.

The Male of them have Hones, which the Sal¬ vages, in un cafemg of them , leave to the fkinne, which is a meft delicate perfume, and may compare with any perfume that 1 know for goodneffe • Then may not this be excluded the Catalogue.

T his Country, in the North parts thereof, hath many Porcupines j but Idee not finde, the beaft any Porcupines*

, way ufefullor hurtfull.

There are in thofe Noi therne parts many Hedge- Hedghcggi. hoggs, of the like nature, to our Englifh Hedghoggs.

Here are greate ftore of Conyes in thofe parts, cmjesoffe - of divers coloures • feme white , feme black , and^'^>w, feme gray. Thole towards the Southerne parts are

(very fmall, but thole to the North are as bigg as the Englifh Cony: their eares are very fhort. Formeate the finall rabbit is as good, as any that 1 have eaten of elle where.

( There are Squirils of three forts , verv different °f

y jl _ . j tbycP [oxts

in fhape and condition ; and is gray, and hee is as bigg ' J

as thelelferCony ,and keepeth the w7oods feeding,

uponnutts.

w Another is red , and hee haunts our howfes , and will rob us of ourCorne5 but the Catt many times, payes him the prifce of his preemption.

Jm

The

82

'A flying S^uinU,

Snakes,

The rattle Snakgs,

New £ngBfh Canaan,

The third is a little flying Squirill, with bat like winges, which hee fpreads when heejumpes from tree to tree, and does no harme.

Now becaufe I am upon a treaty of the beafts,

I will place this creature the fnake amongft the beafts having my warrant from the holy Bible- who (though his pofture in his paflage be fo different from all other, being of a more fubtile and aidry nature , that hee can make his way without feete , and lifte himfelfe above thefuperficiesofthe earth, as heeglids along. )

Yet may he not bee ranked with any,but the beafts^ notwithftanding hee frequents the water , as well as the land.

There are ofSnakes divers, and offeverallkindes, as be with us in England , but that Country hath not fo many, as in England have bin knowne.

The general! Salvage name of them is Afoowke.

There is one creeping beaft or longe creeple ( as the name is in Deyonfhire , ) that hath a rattle at his tayle, that does difcover his age* for fo many ycares as hee hath lived, fo many joynts are in that rattle, which foundeth (when it is in motion, ) like peafo in a blad¬ der , and this beaft is called a rattle Snakefont the Sal¬ vages give him the name of Sefick ; which fome take to be the Adder ; and it may well be fo ; for the Sal¬ vages are lignificiant in their denomination of any thing ) and is no lefle hurtfull than the Adder of Eng¬ land , nor no more. 1 have had my dogge venomed with troubling one ofthefo; andfofwelled, that I had thought* it would have bin his death : but with one Saucer of Salet oyle powred downe his throate,he

has

■

New EngJifh Canaan. g ^

has recovered , and the fwelling affwaged by the next day. The like experiment hath bin made upon a boy , that hath by chaunce troad upon one of thefe, and the boy never the worfe. Therefore it is fim- |>licity in any one that fhall tell a bugbeare tale of hor- rible,or terrible Serpents that are in that land.

Mife there are good ftore , and my Lady Wood- Mife, bees black gray malkin may have paftime enough there : but for Rats, the Country by Nature is troub- bled with none.

Lyons there are none in New England ; it is con- Lyons al trary to the Nature of the beaft, to frequent places ac- m

cuftomed to fnowj being like the Catt , that will ha- zard the burning of her tayle rather than abide from the fire, ,

C H A Pt VI.

Of Stones and Minerals.

^Ow ( for as much as I have in a breife abftrad:

I fhewed you the Creatures : whofefpecificall JL Natures doe fimpathife with the elements of fire and aire ) I will come to fpeake of the Creatures that participate of earth more then the other two 3 which is ftones. a :?

Andfirft of the Marble for building ; whereof uarlh. there is much in thofe parts, in fo much as there is one bay in the land , that beareth the name of Marble bar¬ ber, becaufe of the plenty of Marble there : andthele

L 2 are

. B4I New tngUfkCmmi-

are ufefull for building of Sumpteous Pallaces^ jLimeHone , And becatife, no good building can be made per¬

manent, or durable, without Lime : I will let you uu- derftand that there is good Limeftone neere to the river of Monatoquinte at uttaquatockto my knowledge and we hope other places too , ( that I have not taken - fo much notice of) may have the like, or better : and thofe ftones are very convenient for building.

Chalkeftones there are tieere Squantos C hap- pell (hewed me by a Salvage.

There is abundance of excellent Slate in divers places of the Country : and the beft that ever I beheld for covering of howfes:and the inhabitant have made1

Chalk?

Slate,

There is a very ufefull Stone in the Land , and Wbetjlones. yet t]lere [s found out but one place where they

may be had, in the whole Country, Quid Woodman, (that was choaked* at Plimmouth after hee had played the unhappy Markes man when hee> was purfued by a careieffe fellow that was new come' into theLand)they lay laboured ro get a patent of ic to himfelfe. Hee was beloved of many , and had many fonnes , that had a minde to engroflfe that commodity. And I cannot fpie any mention made of it in the woodden prolpe£L Therefore I begin to fufpedt his aime : that it was for himfelfe ? . and therefore will I not difco ver it, it is the Stone fo much commended by Ovid , be- caufe love delighteth to make his habitation in a building of thofe materials, where?hee advifes. Thofe that feeke for love to doe it, Durisi&Cotibm ilium*

This Stone the Salvages doe xall Cos ,

«■ d • and

TQto 'Englifh Cdnndn. gy

and ofthefe (on the North end of Richmond Hand) areftore, and c'hofeare very excellent good for edg’d tooles : l envy not his happinefie. I have bin there : viewed the place, liked the commodity: but will not plant fo Northerly for that,nor any other commodity that is there to be had.

There are Loadeftones alfo in theNortherne parts of the land : and thofe which were found are very good , and are a commodity worth the noteing.

Iron ftones there are abundance : and feverall imftoncs. forts of them knowne.

Lead ore is there likewife , and hath bin found by Lead. the breaking of earth, which the Froft hath made mellow.

Black Leade I have likewife found- very good, Llacbjeai. which the Salvages ufe to paint their faces with.

Red Leade is there likewife in great abnndance, lead.

There is very excellent Boll Armoniack.

There is moft excellent Vermilion. All thefe things the Salvages make feme litleufe of, and doe finde them on the circumference of the Earthy

Brimftone mines there are likewife. 'Bnmjtme.

Mines of Tinne , are likewife knowne to be inTime,. thofe parts : which will in fhort time be made ufe of : and this cannot be accompted a meane commodity.

Copper mines are there found likewife : that will inrich the Inhabitants. But untill theire younge CoPier*' Cattell , be grovvne hardy labourers in the yoake, that the Flough and the Wheate may befeenemore plentifully , it is a worke muft.be forborne.

Vermilion.

8# Eriglifb Can am]

They fay there is a Silver , and a gold mine found by Captaine Littleworth : if hee get a patent of it to himfelfe , . hee will furely change his name.

C H A P. V II.

Of the Fifbes , and njyhat Commodity they proonye.

A Mong Fifties. Firft I will begin with the Codd;

becaufe it is the moft commodious of all fifh , as may appeare,by the ufe which is made of them in for- raigne parts.

The Codd fiftiing is much ufed in America^ (whereof New England is apart ) info much as 300. Sayle of ftiipps5from diners parts, have ufed to be im- ployed yearely in that trade.

% 1. Shipps as I have feene in one Harboure , next Richmond

one time fir I land iy. Sayle of fhipps at one time , that have Cod4' taken in them , driyed Codds forSpaine, and the Straights ( and it has bin found that the Saylers have made 15. 18. 20. 22. p. (hare for a common man.

The Coaft aboundeth with fuch multitudes of

Codd , that the inhabitants of New, England "doe dnnge their grounds with Codd ■ and it is a commo¬ dity better than the golden mines of the Spanifh In¬ dies 5 for without dried Codd the Spaniard, Portingal* and Italian , would not be able to vittel of a Ihippfor the Sea -and I am fore at the Canaries it is the- princi¬ pal! commodity : which place lyeth neere N^ew Eng¬ land

yfe'fo Englifh Canaan. §7

land yery convenient , for the vending of this com¬ modity, one hundred of thefe being at the price of 3 go. of New found land Codds,greate ftore of trains oyle , is mayd of the livers of the Codd , and is a commodity that without queftion will enrich the in- the Cod'd t habitants of New England quicly $ and is therefore a principall commodity.

The Bade is an excellentFifh,both frefh and Sake one hundred whereoffalted(atamarket)have yeilded dioo.Bajje 5. p. They are fb large , the head of one will give ^oui;d^r good eater a dinner , and for daintineffe of diet , they excell the Mary bones of Beefe. There are fuch multitudes, that I have feene flopped into the river 'dofe adjoyning to myhowfewitha fand at one tide., fomany as will loade a fhip of a 1 00. Tonnes.

Other places have greater quantities in fb much, as wagers have bin layed, that one fhould not throw a ftone in the water , but that hee fhould hit a fifh.

I my felfe , at the turning of the tyde , have feene fuch multitudes paffe out of a pound,that it feemed to mee, that one might goe over their backs drifhod.

Thefe follow the bayte up the rivers , and fome- times are follwed for bayte and chafed into the bayes, andfhallow waters , by the grand pife : and thefe may have alfo a prime place in the Catalogue of Commo¬ dities.

The Mackarels are the baite for the Baffe , and thefe have bin chafed into the fhallow waters , where MacfyreS lo many thoufands have fhott themfelves a f hore with a^ea^ue ^°r thefurfe of the Sea , that whole hogges-heads have bin taken uj|on the Sands s and for length they excel!

any

y

Sturgeon.

Salmon.

Herrings

38 Nero ‘EngUjhCnmmi

any of other parts : they have bin meafured i§# and i p. inches in length , and feaven in breadth : and are taken with a dray le, (as boats ufe to pafletoand froe at Sea on bulinelfejin yery greate quantities all alongo the Goalie.

TheFifhisgood, falted 5 for ftore againft the winter, aswellasfrefli , and to be accounted a good Commodity.

This Sturgeon in England is regalu pifcis* every mam in New England may catch what hee will , there are multitudes of them , and they are much fatter then thole that are brought into England from other parts* info much as by reafon of their fatnelfe , they doe not looke white, but yellow, which made a Cooke prefume they were not lo good as themof Roulhea; lilly fellow that could not underftand that it is the na¬ ture of fi(h laired, or pickelled , the fatter the yel¬ lower beingbeft toprelerve.

For the tafte I have warrant of Ladies of worth, with choife pallats for the commendations, who liked the tafte fo well , that they efteemed it beyond the Sturgeon of other parts, andfayd they were decea- ved inthe lookes : therefore let the Sturgeon pafle for a Commodity. - J

Of Salmons there is greate abundance : and thefe may be allowed for a Commodity , and placed in the Catallogue. •

Of Herrings, there is greate llore,fat, andfaire: and ( to my mindej as good as any 1 have leene , and thefe may be preferved , and made a good commodity at the Canaries.

r •* : - qg

New Ingllfh Canaan i 89

OfEeles there is abundance , both in the Salt- waters 3 and in the frefh : and thefrefh water Eele there (if I may take the judgement ofaXondon Fifh monger ) is the beft thathee hath found in his life J time. 1 have with jieele potts found my howfe hold,

(being nine perlbns, befidesdoggs) with them, taking them every tide, (for 4.moneths fpace,)and preferring of them for winter ftore: and thele may prcove a good commodity.

Of Smelts there is fuch abundance, that the Sal* Smelts, vages dee take them up in the rivers with bal keis,like fives.

There is a Fifh, (by fbmecalled fhadds,by fcmeal- shaddj cy lizes ^that at the fpring of the yeare5pafie up the rivers to fpaune in the ponds 5 and are taken in luch multi- ground. tudes in every river , that hath a pond at the end , that the Inhabitants doung their ground with them. You may fee in one townefhip a hundred acres together, fet with thefe Fif h, every acre taking 1000. of them: and an acre thus dreffed w ill produce and yeald fo muchcorne, as acres without fifh; and(leaftany Virginea man would inferre hereupon, that the ground of New England is barren , becaufe they ufe no fifh in fitting their corne, I defire them to be remembred, the caufe is plaine in Virginea) they have it not to fett.

But this pradfife is onely for the Indian Maize (which muft be let by hands)not for Englifh graine : and this is therefore a commodity there.

There is a large fized fifh called Hallibut,orT ur- but : fome are taken fo bigg that two men have much a doe to hale them into the boate s but there is

M fuch

or

Hiillibut,

Plaice.

Bake.

Pilchers

Ldfters.

Gjftets.

£0 TQw Engltfb Canaan.

iuch plenty, that the fisher men onely eate the heads, and finnes , and throw away the bodies : fnch in Paris would yeeld 5 . or 6. crownes a peece : and this is no difcommodity.

There are excellentPlaice and eafily taken.They (at flowing water) do almoft come afhore , fo that one may ftepp but halfe a foote deepe , and prick them up on the fands : and this may pafle with fame allowance^ Hake is a dainty white fifh , and excellent vittell frefh,- and may pafle with other commodities,becaufe there are multitudes.

There are greate (tore of Pilcher$:atMichelmas, in many places,! have feene theCormorants in length 3 , miles feedinge upon the Sent.

Lobfters are there infinite in ftore in all the parts of the land , and very excellent. The moll ufe that Imadeofthem, in y. yeares after I came there was but to baite my Hooke for to catch Bafle, I had bin fo cloyed with them thefirft day I went a fhore.

This being knowne , they fhall pafle for a com- modity to the inhabitants- for the Salvages will meete 500, or 1000. at a place where Lobfters come in with the tyde, to eate , and fave dried for ftore , abiding in that place/eafting and fporting a moneth or 6. weekes together. ‘ '

There are greate (tore ofOyfters in the entrance of all Rivers : they are not round as thofe of Eng¬ land , but excellent fat , and all good. I have feene an Oyfter banke a mile at letigtn.

Muftles there are infinite ftore, I have often gon

to

New Englifh Cdttdan. px

to Waflagufcus; where were excellent Muftles to eate (for variety) the fifh is fo fat and large.

Clames is a (hellfifh , which I have feene fold in cimes: Weftminfterfor 1 2. pe. the fkore. Thefeour (wine feede upon • and of them there is no want, every fhore is full , it makes the fwineproove exceedingly , they will not faile at low water to be with them. T he Sal¬ vages are much taken with the delight of this fi(he; and are not cloyed (notwithftanding the plenty ) for our fwine we finde it a good commodity.

Rafer fifhes there are. fyferfifh*

Freeles there are , Cockles, and Scallopes , and Steele. divers other forts of Shellfifhe , very good foode.

Now that I have (hewed you what commodities are there to be had in the Sea, for a Market^ will (hew what is in the Land alfo , for the comfort of the inha¬ bitants , wherein it doth abound. And becaule my tafkeis an abftrad, I willdifcover to them the com¬ modity thereof.

There are in the rivers , and ponds , very excel- Fr^h lent Trouts , Carpes, Breames , Pikes , Roches > Treats, Perches , Tenches , Eeles , and other fifhes , fuch as England doth afford , and as good, for variety 5 yea p^^ckes many of them much better- and the Natives of the in- Perches , land parts, doe buy hookes of us , to catch them with, J^Eeles and 1 have knowne the time , that a Trouts hooke ^ hath yeelded a beaver fkinne , which hath bin a good commodity to thofe that have bartered them away.

Thefe things I offer to your coofideration ( cur- teous Reader ) and require you to (hew mee the like in any Part of the knowne world if you can.

. M 2 Of

92

Hge'to English Canaan.

Chap* VIII.

Of the goo dries of the Country and the Waters.

- . . “KTOw fince it is a Country fo infinitely bleft with

m iMfoode, and fire, to roaft or boyle our Fie (hand Fifli , why fhould any man feare for cold there , in a Country warmer in the winter , thanfome parts of France & neerer theSunne:unles heebeone of thofe that Salomon bids goe to the Ant and the Bee.

There is no boggy ground, knowne in all theCoun- NoeBoggj. t ^ frora whence the Sunne may exhale unwholfom vapors : But there are divers arematicall herbes , and Perfumed plants, as Salfafras, MufkeRofes, Violets, Balme.Law- r? Whhb rell,Hunnifuckles,andthe like, that with their vapors pveet xr a. the aire.and it has bin a thing much obferved

• that , fhipps have come from Virginea where there

have bin fcarce five men able to hale a rope,untill they have come within 40. Degrees of latitude , and finell the fweet aire of the Ihore, where they have luddainly recovered.

And for the water , therein it excelleth Canaan Of Waters. much ; for the Land is fo apt for Fountaines,a man

cannot digg amide , therefore if the Abrahams and Lots of our times come thether , there needs be no contention for wells.

Befides there are waters of moft excellent ver- tues, worthy admiration.

Englifb CdYiAdft. . ^3

At Ma-re Mount , there was a water(by mee dil- The cure of covered) that is moft excellent for the cure of M elan- nffcmine

colly probatum. . tWertue wheredfTW.f

At weenalemute is a water , the vertue whereoi r

is tocurebarrennefle. The place taketh his name of

thatFountaine which fignifieth quick-ipring,or quick-

ningfpring probatum.

iNeere Squantos Chappell (a place fo by us called) Water pro- is a Fountaine , that caufeth a dead fleepe for 48 howres, to thofe that drinke 24. ounces at a draught, and fo proportionably. The Salvagesthat are Powahs at fettimes ufe it, and reveale ftrangthings to the vul- • * ear people by meanes of it , So that in the delicacy or nmi jnj?oun. waters 3 and the convenience of them r Canaan came wines*

not neere this Country 0 _ ,

As for the Milke and Hony which that Canaan flowed with, it is fupplyed by the plenty of bnds;beafts ^ and Fiih, whereof Canaan could not boall: her relte.

Yet never thelefle ( fince the Milke came by the A induftry of the firft Inhabitants, ) let the cattell be che- ^ « <> refhed that are at this time in New England , and for¬ borne but a litle, I will af ke no long time.-no more, but untill the Brethren have converted one Salvage , ancl made him a good Chriftian , and I may be bold to lay.

Butter and cheefe will be cheaper there , then ever it was in Canaan. It is cheaper there then in old England at this prefent, for there are ftore of Cowes ; coniide- ring the people : which ( as my intelligence gives ) is

12000. perfons, and in gods name let the peop e ave

their delire, who write to their freinds , to come out ot Sodome.to t he land of Canaan, a land that flowes with

Milke and tiony. ^ A11 *

T he Request for the No¬ mination of Neat Ca¬ naan,

T heSoyle,

Thegrouth of Hemp e.

"The aire.

No cold cough or miirre .

94 New Ctigtif h Canaan.

And I appeale to any man of judgement whether it be not a Land , that for her excellent indowments of Nature may pafle for a plaine paralell to Canaan of Uraell, being in a more temporat Climat, this being in 40. Degrees and that in 30.

/ . . • w fc .. . *

* C H A P* I X.

^AcPerJfeBlrve to 'view the Country by.

AS for the Soyle,I may be bould to commend the fertility thereof, and preferre it before theSoyle of England, ( our Native Country) and I neede not to produce more then one argument for projEfe thereof^ becaufeit is fo infallible.

Hempe is a thing by Hufband men in generall agreed upon, to profper beft, in the moft fertile Soyle: and experience hath taught this rule , that Hempe* feede profpers fo well inNewEngland,that it Ihewteth up to be tenne foote high and tenne foote and a halfe, which is twice fo high as the ground in old England producethit, which argues New England the more fertile of the two.

As for the aire , I will produce but one proffe for the maintenance of the excellency thereof - which is fo generall , as I allure my felfe it will fuffice.

No man living there ; was ever knowne to be troubled with a cold , a cough , or a murre , but many men comming lick out of Virginea to New Canaan, have inftantly recovered with the helpe of the purity

of

• Tty'to Bnglifh Canaan. py

of that aire ; no man ever forfeited himfelfe either by eating or drinking.

As for the plenty of that Land, it is well knowne, yhg ; that no part of A fia, Affrica , or Europe - affordeth of thlund. deare that doe bring forth any more then one (ingle feune s and in New Canaan the Deare are accuftomed - to bring forth 2 . and 3 , faunes at a time.

Belides there are fuch infinite flocks of Fowle, and Multitudes of fiih both in the frelh waters,and alfo on the Coaft, that the like hath not elfe where bin dis¬ covered by any traveller.

The windes there are not (b violent as in Eng -Winder? land ; which is prooved by the trees that grow in the face of the winde by the Sea Coaft, for there they doe not leane from the winde as tliey doe in England , as we have heard before.

The Raine is there more moderate then in England, which thing I have noted in aft the time of my refidence to be fo.

The Coaft is low Land, and not high Land ; and x he Coaft hee is of a weake capacity rhat conceaveth otherwife ofit, becaufe it cannot be denied , but that boats may cornea ground in all places along theCoaft,andefpe- •cially within the Compas of the Maflachufets patent, where the pro(pe6t is fixed.

The Harboures are not to be bettered , for (a- Harboured

and goodnefle of ground, for ancorage,and(which s&Wrthy obfervation • ) f hipping will not there be furred, neither are they fobje<ft to wormes , as in V ir- ginea, and other places, ®

Let

Scitmtion,

cjg New £ngU[h Cdnddrt.

Let the Scituation alfo of the Country be confi- dered (together with the reft, which is difcovered in the front of this abftra<ft,)and then I hope no man will hold this land unworthy to be intituled by the name

or the fccond Canaan. o

T he Notfw- And fince the Seperatifts , are defirous to have the

nmm' denomination thereof, I am become an humble Surer on their behalfe for your confents(courteousReaders) to it, before I doe ihew you what Revels they have kept in New Canaan.

Chap. X.

Of the CrUt Lake of fro c of e in 'Hew England > and the commodities thereof.

WEftwards from the Maflachuflets bay (which lyeth in 42. Degrees and 30. Minutes of Northerne latitude ) is fcituated a very fpa- ciousLake(called of the N atives theLake oftrocoife) which is farre more excellent , then the Lake of Ge- nezereth in the Country of Paleftina , both in refpedt of the greafnes and properties thereof;and likewife of • the manifould commodities it yealdeth : the circum¬ ference of which Lake is reputed to be 240, miles atj the lead : and it is diftantfrom the Maflachuflets hr . 3 co. miles, or there abouts ; wherein are very many faire Iflands , where innumerable flocks of feverall forts of Fowle doe breede , Swannes , Geele , Ducks, Widgines, Teales , and other water Fowle.

There

Tfy'fy Englifh Canaan. g?

There are alfo more abundance of Beavers, Deare, and Turkies breed about the parts ofthat lake, then in any place in all the Country ofNew England;and alio fuch multitudes offifh , ( which is a great part of the M ... foode , that the Beavers live upon, ) that it is a thing efFifh, ” to be admired at: So that about this Lake, is the prin- ,

cipallft place fora plantation in all New Canaan, both pUcJfNm for pleafure and proffit* canam.

Here may very many brave Townes and Citties be eredfed which may have intercourfe one with an¬ other by water, very commodioufly : and it is of many men of good judgement, accounted the prime feate for the Metropolis ofNew Canaan , From this Lake N orthwards is derived the famous River of Canada,

(fo named of Monfierde Cane a French Lord , that firlf planted a Colony of French in America , there Mmfierde. called Nova Francia, from whence Captaine Kerke Cane*' of late , by taking that plantation , brought home in one fhipp ( as a Seaman of his Company , reported in my hearing) 2 j o : o . Beaver fkinnes.

And from thisLakeSouthwards,trends that good¬ ly River called of the Natives Patomack , which dif- patonuck^. chardgeth herfelfe in the parts of Virginea , from whence it is navigable by fnipping of great Burthen up to the Falls (whichlieth in 41. Degrees, and a halfe of North latitude : ) and from the Lake downe to the Falls by a faire current. This River is navi¬ gable for veilels of good Burthen ,• and thus much hath often bin related by the Natives , and is of late found to be certaine;

N

They

pg Kctv E»glifl> Canaan:

Greybeards They have alfo made defcriptionof great heards of Beafts as of well growne beafis, that live about the parts ol this biggafCotvn Lake5fuchas theChriftian world (uutill this difcovery) hath nothin made acquainted with. Thefe beafis are of the bignefle of a Cowe, their Fleth being very good foode , their hides good lether, their fleeces very ufe- full , being a kinde of wolle , as fine almoft as the woll’e ol the Beaver, and the Salvages doe make gar¬ ments thereof.

It is tenne yeares fince fiirft the relation or theie things came to the eares of the English : at which time wee were but {lender proficients in the language of the Natives, and they, (which now have attained to more perfedion ofEnglilh , could not then make us rightly apprehend their meaninge.

Wee fuppofed, when they fpake ofBeafts there¬ abouts as high as men, they have made report of men all over hairy like Beavers , in fo much as we queftio- ned them, whether they eate of the Beaver s,to which

they reply ed Matta ^(noe) faying they were almoft

Beavers Brothers. This relation at that time wee concluded to be fruitles * , which lince , time hath made more apparent..

About the parts of this Lake may be made a very greate Commodity by the trade of furres , to inrich thofe that (hall plant there * a more compleat difco- very oft hole parts : is ( to my knowleadge ) under taken by Henry Ioleline Elquier fonne of Sir Xhomas Iofeline of Kent Knight , by the approbation and ap- pointement of that Heroick and very good Com¬ mon wealths man Captaine lohn Maion Efquier , a

'Englifb Canaan, -pp

true fofter Father and lover of vertue , ( who at his Hem le,-m owne chardge ) hath fitted Mafter Iofeline and im- line implcycd ployed him to that purpofe , who no doubt will per-^r difeever^ forme as much as is expected , if the Dutch ( by get- tinge into thofe parts before him , doe not fruftrate his fo hopefull and laudable delignes.

It is well knowne, they aime at that place , and haveapoflibilitytoattaineunto the end of their de¬ fires therein, bymeanes, if the River of Mohegan, which of the Englifh is named Hudfbns River ^ where theDutch have letled : to well fortified plantations al¬ ready. If that River be derived from the Lake as our Country man in his profpe&affirmes it to be , and if they get and fortifie this place alfo , they will gleane away the beft of the Beaver both from theFrench and Englilh , who have hitherto lived wholely by it, and very many old : planters have gained good eftates out offmall beginnings by meanes thereof

And it is well knowne to fbme of our Nation that . have lived in the Dutch plantation : that the Dutch hllFaTrLt have gained by Beaver 2 o o 0 o , pound a y eare. trade ofBea «.

The Salvages make report of 3.greatRivers that v,er n\ lHud" iffue out of this Lake 2. of which are to us knowne, wr*

the one to be Patomack , the other Canada , and why may not the third be found there likewife, which they deferibe to trend weftward, which is conceaved to dif- charge herfelfe into the South Sea. The Salvages affirme that they have feene fhipps in this Lake with 4. Mafts which have taken from thence for their la-

dinge earth , that is conjectured to be fbme mineral! ftuffe.- ™ - *

N 2

There

xoc ' New Englifh Cxnddrt,

There is probability enough for this , and it may well be thought > u*at fo great a confluxe of waters as are there gathered together, mutt be vented by forae The pajfige great Rivers : and that il the third River ( which they to the East- have made mention of) prooveto be true as the other Indies. two pave dOUQ . there is no doubt but that the paflage to the Eaft India, may be obtained, without any fuch daingerousandfruitlefleinqueftby theNorweft , as hetherto hath bin endeavoured: And there is no Traveller of any refonable capacity , but will graunf, that about this Lake, muft be innumerable fpringes, and by that meanes many fruitfull , and pleafaqt paftures all about it, It hath bin obferved that the inX land part (vvitnes Neepnet) are more pleafant and fer¬ tile then the borders of the Sea coafte. And the The Country Country about Erocoife is ( not without good caule) ofErom as compared to Delta the moft fertile parte in alliEgy pt,

' Delta m&- t^iat aboundeth with Rivers and Rivalets derived gyp. 4 fromNilus fruitfull channell , like vaines from the li¬ ver , fo in each refpedt is this famous Lake of Lro- coife.

Ad therefore it would be adjudged an irrepa¬ rable overfight to protradt time , and fuffer the Dutch (who a*re but intruders upon his Majefties moft hope- full Country of New England ) to pofifefte themfelves of that fo plefant and commodious Country ofEro- coife before us : being ( as appeareth ) the principall part of all New Canaan for plantation , and not elfe- where to be paralelld in all the knowne world,

NEW

Ne'ft English Canaan,

loi

NEW* CANAANS GENIVS,

EPILOGVS.

Hcu that art by Fates degree. s ,

Or Providence ordain d to fees 5 Natures bonder ? her rich fores ■, Ne'-rdifcovered befores,

Th' admired Lake of Erocoifes , fertile Borders now re Joyces*

See 'tobat multitudes of F if h ?

Shoe prefents to fitt thy difh ,

If rich fur res thou dof adores 7 And of Beaver Fleeces fores ,

Seethe Lake where they abound \

And ^hat pie afar es els arc found*

There chafi Le da free forn fires , enjoy her hearts defines , sTM^ongfl the flo Very bancks at eafes j.

Live the /porting Najades ,

Bigg lim'd Druides tybofe broVces,

Beatified with greenebo^es.

See the Nfmphes how they doc makes j Fine iMcandersfrom the Lakes ,

Twining in and out rts they y Through the pleafant groves make way ; Weaving by the f hady trees >

Curious AnaUomaJes 5

N 3

Where

'English Canaan.

Where the harmeles Turtles breedc9 jlndfuch ufefull Beajlsdoe feede } uds noT rave Her can tell y Bis there bo'to to paralell,

Colcos golden Fleece reject 9 This deferveth heft rejpeft ,

Jn [xveete Feans let thy voyce ,

Sing the praife ofErocoife , peans to advaunce her namey New Qanarn everlajlingfaw .

NEW ENGLISH CANAAN,

OR NEW CANAAN.

7 he Third Sooke.

Containing a defcription of the People that are planted there , what re¬ markable Accidents have happe¬ ned there, fince they werefetled, what Tenents they hould , toge¬ ther with. the pra&ife of their Church,

Chap. I.

Of a great League made with the Llimmouth ¥ lanters after their arri'valhby the Sachem of thofe Territories.

He Sachem of the Terri-

tories, where the Planters of newtng- land are fetleda that are the firft of the now Inhabitants of New Canaan , not knowing what they wer e5 or whether they would be freindesor foes, and

r being

I

IC/f English CdMart. .

being defirous to purchafe their freindfhip , that hee might have the better Aflhranceof quiet tradinge with them(which hee conceived would be very advan- aJmfm- tagious tohim ) was delirous to prepare an Ambaffa- Jfajfador to dor, with commiflion to treat on his behalfe, to that the e nglifh purp0fe .' and having one that had beene in England

‘wmtringe. taken (by a worthlefle man ) out of other partes , and after left there by accident , this Salvage hee inftru- (Siccl , how to be have himfelfe, in the treaty of peace, and the more , to give him incouragement to adven¬ ture his perfon, amongft thefenew come inhabitants, which was a thinge , heedurftnot himfelfe a tempt, without fecurity or hoftage , promifed that Salvage freedome , who had beene detained there as theire Captive : which offer hee accepted, and accordingly dime to the Planters, falutinge them with Wellcome, in the Englifh phrafe , which was of them admired , to heare a Salvage there fpeake in their owne language, and ufed him with great courtefie : to whome hee de¬ clared the caufe of his comminge , and contrived the bufineffefo , that hee brought the Sachem and the English together, betweeue whome was a firme league concluded , which yet continued!. After which league the Sachem being in company with the other whome hee had freed , and fufiered to live with the Enplilh , efpijnge a place wherea hole had been made in the grounde, where wastneir ftore of powder layed to be preferved from danger of fire ( under ground) demaunded of the Salvage what the Englifh had hid f C there under ground,whoanfweredthe plague,at which hee ftarteled , becaule of the great mortality lately

happened

c

View Englifb Canaan. i Qj>

hapned, by meanes of the plague , (as it is conceaved) and theSalvage the more to encreafe his feare told the Sachem if he fhonld give offence to the Englifh party, they would let out the plague to deftroy the all, which kept him in great awe. Not longe after being at va~ rience with another Sachem b or d e ring e u pc n his Ter¬ ritories, he came in folemne manner and intreated the governour,that he would let out the plague to deftroy the Sachem, and his men who were his enemies , pro- railing that he himfelfe, and all his pofterity would be their everlafting freindes , fo great an opinion he had of the Englilh. ,

Chap, IL

Of the entertalnement of JkCr.Wefions people fern to fettle a plantation there .

MAfterT homas weftoft aM erchantof London that had been at fome coft , to further the Brethren of new Plimmouth , in their delignes for thefe partes,

(hipped a company of Servants , fitted with provition of all forts - for the undertaking of a Plantation to be fetled therewith an intent to follow after them in par- foil. Thefe fervants at firft arived at new Plimmouth where they were entertained with court holy bread, by Court h°b the Brethren, they were made very Wellcome , in (hew plmmuth, at leaft : there thefe fervants goodes were landed, with promifestobeaffiftedin the choifeof a convenient place , and full the goodcheare went forward, and the itrong liquors walked. In the raeane time theBrethren were in confultation,whatwas belt for their advantage finging theXonge, Frujlra fibi non fapit.

O ' Thi\

New BvgHfh

This plantation would hinder the prefent practice, and future profit, 8c Matter W efton an able man would want for no fupplies.uponthe returne of Beaver, and lo rnicrht be a plantation that might keepethem under, who had a Hope to be the greateft , befides his people were no chofen Seperatifts,but men made choice or at ail adventures, fit to have ferved for the furtherance of Matter Weftons undertakinges : and that was as much as hee neede to care for : ayminge at Beavei principal¬ ly, for the better effecting of his purpofe* Now when the Plimmouth men began to finde , that Mafter Weftons mens ftore ofprovition grew lhort with tea- ftina, then they haftedthem to a place called Weila- gufcus,in a weakecafe,and there left them fafting.

c h a p. in.

0 fa Battle fought at the Majffachnjfets, between? the Englifh and the Indians .

THe Planters of Plimmouth , at their laft being in thofe parts, having defaced the monument of the ded at Pafonayeffit( by taking away the herfe Cloath which was two greate Beares f kinnes fowed together^ at full lenth , and propped up over the grave oi Chuatawbacks mother, ) the Sachem of thofe terri¬ tories , being inraged at the fame , ft.rred up his men in his bee halfe,to take revenge : and having gathered „ , his men together , hee begins to make an oration in j^em this manner. When laft the glorious light of att the

Etfglifh Cdnctdtt* I o 7

fkey was underneath this globe, and Birds grew filent,

I began to fettle as my (cuftome is )to take repofe • be¬ fore mine eies were faft clofed, mee thought I faw a _ vifion , ( at which my ) fpirit was much troubled , djpmt &trembling at that dolefull fight,afpirit cried aloude (behold my fbnne) whom I havecherifht,fee the papps Wane, that gave thee fuck , the hands that lappd thee warme and fed thee oft , canlt thou forget to take revenge of thofe uild people , that hath my monument defaced in defpitefull manner, difdaining our ancient antiquities, and honourable Cuftomes : See now the Sachems grave lies like unto the common people , of ignoble race defaced: thy mother doth complains , implores thy aideagainft this theevifh people, new come hether if this befuffered , I (hall not relt in quiet within my everlafting habitation. This laid, the fpirit vanished, and I all in a fweat, not able fcarce to fpeake , began to gett fome ftrength, and recoiled: my fpirits that were fled, all which 1 thought to let you underftand,tohave your Councell, and your aide likewife i this being fpo- ken, ftraight way arofe the grand Captaine,and cried aloud come, let us to Armes , it doth concerne us all, Jhe &ran& let us bid them Battaile ; fo to Armes they went , and laid weight for the Plimmouth boate , and forceinge$wk them to lorfake their landinge place , they feeke ano¬ ther beft for their convenience , thither the Salvages . repaire in hope to have the like fuccefle , but all in vaine, forthe Englifh Captaine warily forefaw , ( and perceavinge their plot ) knew the better how to order his men fitfor Battaile in that place, * hee bouldly lea¬ ding his men on , ramged about the feild to and fro,

> O 2 and

*o8 New Englifh Canaan]

and taking his beft advantage , lets fly, and makes the Salvages give ground, the Englifh followed them fier¬ cely on and made them take trees for their fhelter, (as their cuftome is ) from whence their Captaine let flie a maine, yet no man was hurt , at laft lifting up h '\$ K right arm, to draw a fatal! (haft ( as hee then thought )

wonneby the to end this difference, received a fhott upon his elbow, Englifh , and ftraight way fled, by whofe example, all the army followed die lame way * and yealdedupthe honor of the day, to the Englifh party ; who were fuch a terror to them after, that the Salvages durft never make to a head againft them any more*

H A Pv IV.

Of d ‘Parliament held dt W ejfdgufcui y dnd the lAcles.,

i *

g v Tuff After Weftons Plantation beinge'fetled at Wef- ■ ^laguieus , his {Servants , many of them , lazy perfons , that would ufe no endeavour to take the benefit of the Country > fomeofthem fell ficke and died.

One anaongft the: reft an able bodied man, that ranged the woodes , to fee what it would afford, ligh¬ ted by accident on an Indian barne , and from thence did take a capp full of cor ne - the Salvage owner of it, finding by the Foote fome Englifh had bin there , came to the Plantation, and made complaint after this manner. • : / ' * 1 ** ■ '

2 {) ; The

A lusty

Engtifh Cam an. 109

-The cheife Commander of the Company one This occation called a Parliament ofall his people but thole that were licke 5 and ill at eafe. And wifely now they mult confult , upon this huge complaint, that a privy knife , or ftringe of beades would well A pore com* -enough have qualified , and Edward Iohnfon was a 'fn * fpetiail judge of this bufinefle : the facf was therein lohnfma repetition, conitrudiion made, that it wasfellony,and cheife. ludgt. by the Lavves of England punilhed with death, and ¥***[%$.

■ this in execution muft be put, for an example , and mmfa" ■ likewile to appeafe the Salvage , when ftraight wayes one arofe 5 mooved as it were with fome compaffion, nnd faid hee could not well gaine fay the former fen- tence , yet hee had conceaved within the comp2ife ofhis braine an Embrion 3 that was of fpetiail confe- nquence to be delivered , and cherifhed hee laid, that it would moft aptly ferve to pacifie the Salvages complaint 3 and lave the life of one that might ( if • neede fhouid be ) ftand them in fome good fteede, being younge and ftronge , fit for refinance againft an enemy , which might come un exfpedfed for any thinge they knew, The Oration made was liked of e- * very one, and hee Estreated to proceede to Ihew the meanes how this may be performed : fayes hee, you ail agree that one mutt die, and one (hall die, this younge A fine device.' mans cloathes we will take of, and put upon one , that A wire Senm is old and impotent, a fickly perfon that cannot efcape fence. ^ death, fuch is the difeafe one him confirmed , that die J° han£fa hee muft , put the younge mans cloathes on this man, thZTerT and let the fick perfon be hanged in the others fteede : ftade*

.Amen fayes one, and folayes many more.

O 3 . And

IX0 Netv Englifh Camafll

And this had like to have prooved their finall ien- tence , and being there confirmed by A dt of Parlia- ment , to after ages for a Prefident : But that one with a ravenus voyce , begunne to croake and bellow for revenge , and put by that conclulive mo¬ tion, ailedging fuch deceipts might be a meanes here* after to exafperate the mindes of the complaininge Salvages , and that by his death , the Salvages Ihould fee their zeale to Itiftice, and therefore hee Ihould die : this was concluded yet nevertheleffe a fcruple was made • now to countermaund thisadt ,did reprefent itfelfe unto their mindes, which was how they Ihould doe to get the mans good wibthis was in- A ^wwdeedeafpetiallobftagle: for without ( that they all Attempt, agreed ) it would be dangerous , for any man to at¬ tempt the execution of it , left mifcheife fhould be¬ fall them e very man • hee was a perfon , that in his • wrath , did feeme to be a fecond Sampfon, able to beate out their branes with the: jawbone of an AfTe;

^turnekt t^erefore t^eY ca^ed the man and by perfwation got

• faft bound in jeft , and then hanged him up hard

by in good earneft , who wit ha weapon , and at li¬ berty , would have put all thole wile judges of this Parliament to a pittifull non flus , ( as it hath beene credibly reported ) and made the cheife Iudge of them all buckell to him.

Of

?^ew Inglifh Canaan. I x f

Chap, V,

Of i Maffacve made upon the Salvages at W ejfa* gufcus.

AFtertheend of that Parliament 3 fome of the plantation there , about three perfons went to live with Checatawback & his company, and had very good quarter , for all the former quarrell , with the ^ZhthesZ Plimmouth planters : they are not like will fommers,^/. to take one for another. There they purpofed to ftay untill Matter Weftons arrivalhbut thePlimmouth men intendinge no good to him ( as appered by the confequence ) came in the meane time to Wefla- gufcus , and there pretended to feaft the Salvages of Aplottfiom thofe partes , bringing with them Porke , and thinges plmmoutb- for the purpofe , which they lett before the Salvages. - They eate thereof without fufpition of any mifcheife, who were taken upon a watchword given , and with their owne knives (hanging about their neckesj were killed with by the Plimmouth planters ftabd and flaine : one ot tbeifone which were hanged up there , after the flaughter. fiMpons.

In the meane time the Sachem had knowledge of this accident , by one that ranne to his Countrymen, ^ejm car" at the Maffachuflets , and gave them intelligence of thenewes ,- after which time the Salvages there con- fiiltinge of the matter , in the night ( when the other Englifh feareles of danger were a fleepe , ) knockt them all in the head ? in revenge of thedeath of their ^nvsnZe-

Coun-

— _ — *

1 13

Ne'to £?tg/i[h Cwun.

Countrymen : but. if the Plimmouth Planters had really intended good to 3M&ftet W ell on , or thofe men , why had they not kept the Salvages alive in Cuftody , .untill they had fecured the other Engliih ? Who by meanes of this evill mannagingeoithebu- fineffe loft their lives, and the whole plantation was diflolved thereupon , as was likely for feare of a re¬ venge to follow , as a relatione to thiscruell antece¬ dent - and when Mailer Weft on came over ; hee 'Found5 thiriges at an evill exigent , by meanes there¬ of : But could not tell , how it was brought about:

The Salvages of the Maffachulfets that conld not imagine , from whence thele men fhould come , or to what end , feeing them performe fuch unexpeded adions , neither could tell by what name , properly to diftinguifh them , did from that time afterwards, call the Engliih Planters Wotawquenange, which in TheSalvoges their language lignifieth ftabbers or Cutthroates , and Ufbatt-^’ this name was received by thofe that came there after throats. for good , being then unacquainted with the fignifi- cationofit, for many yeares following , untill from a Southerly Indian , that under Hood Englifh well, I was by demonftration , made to conceave the inter¬ pretation of it , and rebucked thefe other , that it was not forborne : The other callinge us by the name of Wotoquanfawge , what that doth fignifie , hee laid hee was not able by any demonftrarion to exprefle; and my neighbours durft no more in my hearinge, call iisby the name formerly ufed , for feareofmy

dilpleafure.

%{ew Englifh Canaan. C H A P* VI.

1 x3

Of the furprrfnge of a .Merchants Shipp in ? lim* mouth harbour.

^F*His Merchant a man of worth , arrivinge in the parts of New Canaan , and findinge that his Plan¬ tation was difTolved, fome of his men flaine, fome fe -^er" dead with licknes , and the reft at Plimmputh- hee sfff ? was perplexed in his minde about the matter , com- minge as heedid with fupply , and mcanes to have ra- fed their fortunes and his one exceedingly and feeinge what had happened refolved to make fome ftay in the Plimmouth harbour 3 and this futed to their purpofe, wherefore the Brethren did congratulate with him at his fafe arrival^ and their beft of entertainement for a fwetningcaft, deploring the difafter of his Plantation, and glozing upon the text ? alledging the mifcheivous intent of the Salvages there, which by freindly intelli¬ gence of their neighbours , was difcovered before it came to be full fummed : fo that they loft not all , all- though they favednot all : and this they pretended, to proceede from the Fountaine of love Sc zeale to him- and Chriftianity , and to chaftife the infolency of the Salvages , ofwhich that part had fome dangerous per- fons. And this as an article of the new creede of Canaan 5 would they have received of every new commer there to inhabit • that the Salvages are a dan¬ gerous people , fubtill , fecreat , and mifcheivous 3 and that it is .dangerous to live feperated , but V; . . P rather

U* 2 yvw Bhglifb Cittut't'th

rather together , and fo be under their Lee, that none might trade for Beaver „ but at their pleafure , as none doe or fhall doe there: nay they will not be redu¬ ced to any other fohg yet, of theSalvages to the fouth- ward of Plimmouth , becaufe they would have none come there , fayinge that hee that will fit downe there muft come ftronge : but I have found the Maflachut fets Indian more full of humanity,then the Chriftians, & haue had much better quarter with themj yet I ob- ferved not their humors , but they mine , althoug my great number that 1 landed were diffolved , and my Whmtm Company as few as might be for I know that this nations meet falls out infallibly , wheretwo Nations meete , one

thTotber*1* rouft rule > and the other be” ruled before apeace can mu/beZ- be hoped for : and for a Chriftian to fubrait to the rule kd or no Qf a Salvage you will fay, is both ihame and difhonor :

quietness ^ jeaft j it js my opinion 5 and my pradtife was accor¬ dingly , and I have the better quarter by the meanes thereof. The more Salvages the better quarter, the more Chriftians the worier quarter Ifound, as all the indifferent minded Planters can teftifie.. Now whiles the Merchant was ruminatinge on this mifhapp , the r • u Plimmouth Planters perceivinge that hee had fur- fl,tmaG m nifhed himfelfe with excellent Commodities, fit for the Merchandife of the Country, (and holding it good to fifh in trobled waters , and fo get a fnatch unleene) pradtifed in fecret with fome other in the land, whom they thought apt to imbrace the benefit of fuch a yfa Vdile, cjlcat ^ ancj was concluded and refblved upon , that all this foipp and goodes fhould be confiscated, for bu-

finefle done by him, the Lord knowes when, or where

a let-

Englifh Canaan. 1 15

a letter mull be framed to them, and handes unto i t, to be there warrant, this fhould fhadow them/That is the firft prabtife they will infane a man , and then pretend that Iuftice muft be done : They caufe the Merchant (fecurej to come a fhore , and then take him in hold, the wing they are compelled unto it legally , and enter ftrait abord perufe the Cargazowne , and then deliver shipp and lip the Charge of her to their Confederates : and how goodes con- much lefle this is then Piraty , let any prabtifein the^^* Admiralty be judge. The Merchant , ins (hipp and goodes confifcated,himfelfe a prifoner , and threatned fo to be lent and conveyed to England , there to re- ceave the fbmme of all that did belonge to him a ma¬ lefactor (and a great one to) this hee good man , indu¬ ed withpatience, longe time , untill the beft of all his goodes were quite difperfed , and every aCtor his pro¬ portion , the Merchant was inlarged , his fhipp a bur- cmftimor then to the owner now , his undertakinges in thefe badhnfhm partes beinge quite overthrowne,was redelivered, and bondes of him were taken not to profecute , hee being againe, greived hereat, betakes him to drive a trade,betweene 'Bonds taken that and Virginea many yeares . The brethren (fharpe^M^. witted) had it fpread by and by amongft his freinds in Report Mr. England, that the man was mad. So thought his wife tvai fo thought his other freiodes, that had it from a Plan- stiandZ ter of the Tovvne. So was it thought of thofe , that did not knoWjtheBrethren could diffemble: why thus they are all of them honeft men in their particular, and eve- ry man being bound to feeke anothers good, fhall in for. the generall doe the beft hee can to effeCt it, and fb they may beexcufed, I thinke.

Of

Brave enter - tainemcnt in a mldemes ,

The meaner

3 toolte lear¬ ning defpijcd

Ne^v Englijh Canaan]

Chap. VIL

Of Thomas Mortons enter foinement atT hmmouth andcajlinge ayyaytijpon an Ifland,

THis man arrived in thofe parts, and hearing newes of aT owne that was much praifed,he was ddirous to goe thither , and fee how thinges flood, where his entertainement was there beft, I dare be bould to fay : for although they had but 3 . Cowes in all, yet had they freih butter and a fallet ofegges in dainty wife , a difh not common in a wildernes, -there hee beftowed feme time in the furvey of this plantation. His new come fer vants in the meane time, were tane to tafke,to have their zeale appeare , and queftioned what preacher was among their company •> and finding none , did feeme to condole their eftate as if undone , becaufe nomanamongft themhad the guift , to be in Ionas fteade , nor they the meanes , to keepe them in that path fo hard to keepe.

Our Mafter fay they reades the Bible and the word of God, and ufeth the booke of common prayer,, but this is not the meanes * the anfwere is : the meanes, they crie : alas poore Soules where is the meanes, you feeme as if betrayed to be without the meanes : how can you be flayed from fallinge headlonge to perdi- tion }Facilis de/cenjus averni : the booke of common prayer fayd they what poore thinge is that , tor a man to reade in abooke ? No, no , good firs I would you were neere us , you might receave comfort by in-

ftrucflion:

S\£Vn> Englifh Cdniari'. ■ x rj

ftmflion : give me a man hath the guiftes of the fpirit , not a booke in hand. I doe protefle fayes one, to live without the meanes , is dangerous , the Lord doth know. '

By thefe infinuations , like the Serpent they did S

creepe and winde into the good opinion of the illite¬ rate multitude , that were defirous to be freed and gone( to them no doubdt, which fome of them after confeffed ) and little good was to be done one them after this charme was uled , now plotts and fadionse how they might get loole,and here was fome 3 5. ftout knaves, Sc fome plotted how tofteale Mafter Weftons barque , others exafperated knaviihly to worke, would (n "aves. pradile how to gett theire Mafter to an llland ; and there leave him , which hee had notice of, and fitted him to try what would be done , and fteps aborde his fhallop bound for Cape Anne to the Maffacbuflets, withan HogQiead ofWine,Sugarhee tooke along, the Sailes hoift up and one of the Conlpirators aboard to 'fteere , who in the mid way pretended foule weather at the harboure mouth , and therefore for a time, liee would put in to an llland neere , and make fome ftay where hee thought to tempt his Mafter to walke the woods , and fo be gone , but their Mafter PreventCii to prevent them , caufed the lales and oares to be by dtfcreticn brought a Ihore, to make a tilt if neede fhould be, and kindled fire, broched that Hoglhed , and caufed them fill the can with lufty liquor / Claret fpaiklinge neate which was not fuffered to grow pale and flatr, Anddifimc- but tipled ofwith quick dexterity ,the Mafter makes a rf<!

Chew of keepinge round,but with dole lipps did feeme

P 3 to

. 1 1 8 Uew 'Englifb Canaan.

difco - to make Ionge draughts , knowinge the wine would vexed in make them Proteftants, and fo the plot was then at

dvinke‘ large difclofed and difcovered, & they made drowfie, T he ShaHop and the inconftant windes fhiftinge at night did force biUedged. t he kellecke home , and billedge the boat , that they

T & men of were forced to leave her fo and cut downe trees that c%Ca°7pany grew by the foore, to make Caffes : two of them went over by helpe of a fore laile almoft a mile to the maine fhre upon the other two ftayed five dayes after , till the windes tms* would ferve to fill the failes. The firft two went to cape Ann by land , and had fowle enough, and fowle wether by the way, the 3 Handers had fifh enough, (he 1- fijfh and fire to roaft , & they could not perifh for lacke offoode^and wine they had to be forehand by this you fee they were not then in any want ; the wine and goodes brought thence, the boat left there fo billedgd that it was not worth the labor to be mended.

Chap. VIIL

Of the Bdnifhment of Jtiajler John Lay ford, and John Old dm from

A Minifler A/i ^er Layf°rd was at the Merchants chardge required to * * ***font to Plimmouth plantation to be their Pallor? renounce M But the Brethren, before they would allow ofit, would eaiimge. ha ve him firft renounce his calling, to the office of the

Miniftery , received in England, as hereticall and JPa- pifticall , ( fo hee confeft ) and then to receive a new callinge from them, after their fantafticall invention,

. which

New Bnglijh Canaan: up

which hee refufed , alledging and maintaining , that his calling as it flood was lawful] , and that hee would not renounce it- and fo IohnOldam his opinion was one the affirmative , and both together did maintains the Church of E ngland, to be a true Church, although in feme particulars (they faid ) defective concludinge fo againft the Tenents there , and by this meanes can¬ celled theire good opinion, amonft the number of the Seperatifts 5 that flay they mull not , left they fhould be fpies j & to fall fowle on this occation, the Brethren thought it would betray their caule , and make it fall under cenfure, therefore againft Mailer Layford they hadfoundoutfomefcandall; to-be laid on his former cor le of life , to blemilh that, and fo to conclude hee was a Ipotted beaft, and not to be allowed, where they ordained to have the Paflover kept lb zealoully : as for Iohn 01dam,they could lee hee would be paffictfHte, and moody ; and proove himlelfe a mad lack in his mood, and as loone mooved to be moody, and this impatience would Miniller advantage to them to be ridd of him-

Hanniball when hee had todoe withFabius, was 'impatience kept in awe more by the patience of that one enemy, confuted by- then by the refolution of the whole army : A well pered enemy is a terrible enemy to incounter. They injoyne him to come to their needeles watch howle Nete in perfon , and for refulinge give him a cracked mouth freffi Crowne for preffe money 3 and make the blood run downe about his eares , a poore trick , yet a good vaile though Lufcus may lee thorough it 5 and for his further behaviour in the Cafe , proceed to fentence

him

1 20 New Engtifb Canaan:

The folem - him with banifhment, which was performed afte r a fo myefba - lemne invention in this manner : A lane of Mufke- vifbmnt. tiers was ma(^e # an(j ilce compelled in fcorne to paffe

along betweene,& to receave a bob upon the bumme by every muf ketier, and then a board a fhallop, and fo convayed toWeflagufcus fhoare,& ftaid atMaffachuf- fets > to whome lohn Layford and fome few more did refort, whereMafterLayford freely executed his office and preached every Lords day,and yet maintained his wife & children foure or five, upon his induftry there, with the bleffing of God , and the plenty of the Land, without the helpe of his auditory ,in an honeft and lau¬ dable manner , till hee was wearied and made to leave the Country,

Chap. IX.

Of 4 barren doe of Uirgined groyne fruitbfull in 'Neyy Canaan. • ‘

CHildren and the fruit of die Worn be , are laid in holy writt, to be an inheritance that commetK of the Lord ; then they muft be coupled in Gods name firft , and not as this and fome other have done.

A mat hap * They are as arrowes in the hand of a Gyant ; and

pines comes happy faith David 3 is the man 3 that hath his quiver bypropaga- .full of- them , and by that rule, happy is that Land andblefled to that is apt and fit fur increafe of chil¬ dren, . » . 1

I have Chewed you before in the fecond part , of the difeourfe , how apt it is for the increafe of Mine¬ rals, Vegetables,andfenfible Creatures. ;

Now I will Chew youPhow apt New Canaan is like-

wife

New Englijh Canaani i 2 x

wife for the increafe of the reafonableCreatures,ChiI- dren,ofall riches being the principall : and I give you this for an inftance.

This Country of New Canaan in leaven yeares MoreChil* time could fliow more Children livinge, that have^73*”1^ beene borne there , then in 27- yeares could b fhewen inVirginea$ yet here are but a handful of weo- in Virgmea men landed, to that of Virginea. m

The Country doth afford fuch plenty of Lob- fters,and other delicate fhellfifh ? and Venus is faid to be borne of the Sea , or elfeitwasfome fallet herbe proper to the Climate or the fountaine at Weenafee- mute made her become teeming here , that had tried a campe royall in other partes* where fhee had been, & yet never the neere,till fhee came in to New Canaan.

Shee was delivered (in a voyage to Virginea ) about Deiivered Buflardes bay , to weft of Cape Cod, where fhee had a mare Bufi Sonne borne, but died without baptifme , andwasf^%- buried • and being a thinge remarkable , had thi Epitaph folio winge made of purpofe to memorize the worth of the perfons.

EPITAPH;

Time that bridges all thinges to light .

Doth bide t hut hinge out of fight ,

Jet fame hath left behinde